Tsukiyama - Rock

Japanese: 築山 - つきやま
Tsukiyama - Rock

A term for artificial mountains in Japanese gardens. In garden design, they are a major contrast to ponds and flowing water, but the term "tsukiyama" did not exist until the Kamakura period. As the Muromachi period book "Sakuteiki" states, "Furthermore, when digging into the mountains and placing the fields, the shape of the pond should be in accordance with the terrain," this word is thought to have originated from "tsukiyama" (to dig into a mountain) → "tsukuyama" (to build a mountain).

There are two types of Tsukiyama: one is to add depth to the garden by varying the terrain and using its undulating shape, and the other is to create a view from the high point of the Tsukiyama, and generally it is common to use a lot of rockwork. A unique Tsukiyama design is one from around the Kan'ei period (1624-1644) in the early Edo period, which does not use rockwork or plantings, but instead emphasizes the beauty of the mountain's appearance with only grass and trimmings.

[Shigemori Kando]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本庭園における人工的な山の呼称。庭園の意匠のなかでは、池や流れの水に対して主要なものであるが、鎌倉時代までは「築山」の呼称はなく、室町時代の『作庭記』にも「又山をつき野すぢを置事(おくこと)は地形により池の姿にしたがふべき也(なり)」とあるように、「山をつく」→「山を築く」からこのことばが生まれたと考えられる。

 築山には、地形に変化を与えその起伏によって庭に深みをもたせようとする場合と、築山の高所からの眺望を目的とする場合が考えられ、一般に多くの石組(いわぐみ)を施すのが普通である。築山の意匠で特異なものに江戸初期の寛永(かんえい)(1624~44)ごろのものがあり、ここでは石組も植栽もせず、芝や刈り込みだけで山容の美を主張している。

[重森完途]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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