… In recent years, Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- ) in his Stages of Economic Growth (1960) enumerated five stages, centered on the development of productivity and industrialization, from traditional society to a highly advanced mass consumer society through take-off, but this has a strong strategic character with American-style mass consumption as the ultimate, and is characterized by a quantitative understanding of indicators of take-off. Criticizing this linear theory of stages, Alexander Gerschenkron (1904-78) analyzed the industrial history of 19th century Europe and showed that when developed and underdeveloped countries coexist, the underdeveloped countries are forced to develop in a different way from the former. From the Industrial Revolution…On the other hand, there are those who see industrialization as a process in world history that began in 18th century Britain and has yet to be completed. Examples of this are Alexander Gerschenkron (1904-78) from the perspective of growth economics and the Marxist economics of the Neo-Dependency School. Thus, while interest was focused on the social consequences of the Industrial Revolution within a single country (especially Britain) until the 1950s, growth economics theory of industrialization has been more interested in the causes of the Industrial Revolution, that is, "take-off" and industrialization, which are naturally "desirable." … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Gerschenkron, A." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 近年,ロストーWalt Whitman Rostow(1916‐ )は《経済成長の諸段階》(1960)で,生産力発展と工業化を軸に,伝統社会から離陸(テイク・オフ)によって高度大衆消費社会に及ぶ5段階を数えたが,アメリカ型大量消費を究極におく戦略的性格が濃く,離陸の指標などの数量的把握に特徴がある。 このような単線型の段階論を批判して,ガーシェンクロンAlexander Gerschenkron(1904‐78)は19世紀ヨーロッパ工業史の分析から,先進国と後進国が同時に存在する場合,後進国は前者とは異なった発展をたどらざるをえないことを明らかにした。 【産業革命】より…これに対して,工業化を18世紀のイギリスに始まり,いまだに完了しない世界史上の一過程ととらえる立場もある。成長経済学の立場でのガーシェンクロンAlexander Gerschenkron(1904‐78)やマルクス経済学的な〈新従属派〉理論の見方は,その例である。 したがって,1950年代までは,産業革命の一国内(とくにイギリス)での社会的帰結に関心が集中していたのに対し,成長経済学的な工業化論では,産業革命つまり〈離陸〉や工業化は当然〈望ましい〉ものであったとして,むしろその原因論に興味を示した。… ※「ガーシェンクロン,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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