...Radiation testing involves irradiating the test object with X-rays, gamma rays, neutron rays, or beta rays, capturing the transmitted image on a film or fluorescent screen, and using that image to determine internal defects; ultrasonic testing involves irradiating the test object with ultrasound and detecting reflections from internal defects; magnetic testing involves magnetizing the test object and detecting surface defects from disturbances in the magnetic flux; penetrant testing involves applying a colored liquid or fluorescent substance to the test object and allowing it to soak into the defects; and acoustic emission testing involves detecting ultrasound emitted as the defects grow and determining their location. There is also a method called eddy current testing, which uses the fact that when a coil carrying an alternating current is brought close to a metal, the change in the current flowing through the coil appears differently if there is a defect in the metal. All of the above methods have several characteristics that are common to nondestructive testing. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "eddy current testing" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…X線,γ線,中性子線,β線を検査体に照射し,その透過像をフィルムあるいは蛍光板に受け,その像から内部の欠陥を判定する放射線探傷,検査体に超音波を入射し,内部の欠陥からの反射を検出する超音波探傷,検査体を磁化し,磁束の乱れから表面欠陥を調べる磁気探傷,着色した液体または蛍光物質を検査体に塗って欠陥にしみ込ませる浸透探傷,欠陥が成長する際に発する超音波を検出して欠陥の位置などを知るアコースティック・エミッションなどがある。ほかに,渦電流探傷といって,交流の流れているコイルを金属に近づけた際にコイルに流れる電流の変化が金属内に欠陥があると違った様子を呈することを利用して調べる方法もある。 以上の各方法に共通して,非破壊検査にはいくつかの特性がある。… ※「渦電流探傷」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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