A general term for orders issued by superiors to subordinate civil servants regarding their duties. It does not matter whether they are written (instructions, notices) or oral (instructions). Since administrative organizations are in a relationship of command and obedience between superiors and subordinates, and pursue administrative goals together, civil servants are obligated to obey not only lawful work orders from their superiors, but also illegal work orders. However, when the illegality is serious and obvious, such as when an order is made to commit a crime, it goes without saying that they can and must refuse to obey the order as it is invalid. The validity of a work order cannot be directly contested in an appeal lawsuit, but can only be contested as a prerequisite for other lawsuits, such as a lawsuit to cancel a disciplinary action for disobeying a work order. [Yasuhito Abe] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
上司が部下の公務員に対し、広くその職務に関して発する命令の総称。書面(訓令、通達)によると口頭(訓示)によるとを問わない。行政組織は上下の命令服従関係を構成しつつ一体となって行政目的を追求する関係にあるから、公務員は上司の適法な職務命令に服従する義務があるだけでなく、違法な職務命令にも服従しなければならない。ただし、犯罪となるような行為を命令するなど、その違法性が重大で明白な場合には無効なものとして服従を拒否することができるし、拒否しなければならないことはいうまでもない。なお、職務命令の効力は直接、抗告訴訟で争うことはできず、他の訴訟の前提問題として、たとえば職務命令不服従を理由とする懲戒処分の取消訴訟においてだけ争うことができる。 [阿部泰隆] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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