Tongliao

A prefecture-level city in the southeastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. It is located in the middle reaches of the Western Liao River. It governs one city district, Kailu County, and five banners (county-level administrative districts), and acts as the administrator for one county-level city (as of 2016). It has a population of 3,193,700 (2015). The city's Mongolian name is Paintarla. It was once a pasture for the Mongolian king, and was opened to the Han people in 1914.

It is a square-plan city located 3km east of the Liao River, where the Jingtong Line (Beijing-Tongliao), Tongruo Line (Tongliao-Daqing), Dazheng Line (Dahu Mountain-Shuangliao), Tonghuo Line (Tongliao-Huolinhe), and Jitong Line (Jining-Tongliao) intersect. Tongliao Airport, located near the city, has undergone several expansion works and is now the main airport in the eastern part of the autonomous region. Industries such as agricultural machinery, sugar refining, paper, glass, leather, and dairy processing are located here. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, sand-prevention forests were created, and the city produces soybeans, sorghum, corn, foxtail millet, and other crops. There are also underground resources such as coal and natural silica sand. The Daqinggou Nature Reserve is a famous scenic spot.

[Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, December 12, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、内モンゴル自治区南東部の地級市。西遼河(せいりょうが)中流域に位置する。1市轄区、開魯(かいろ)県、5旗（県級行政区）を管轄し、1県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口319万3700（2015）。市のモンゴル名はパインターラ。かつてはモンゴル王の牧地で、1914年漢民族に開放された。

　遼河の東方3キロメートルにある方格地割の街で、京通線（北京(ペキン)―通遼）、通譲線（通遼―大慶(たいけい)）、大鄭(だいてい)線（大虎山(だいこさん)―双遼(そうりょう)）、通霍線（通遼―霍林河(かくりんが)）、集通線（集寧(しゅうねい)―通遼）が交わる。市街近郊にある通遼空港は、数度にわたる拡張工事を経て、自治区東部の主要空港となっている。農業機械、製糖、紙、ガラス、皮革、乳製品加工などの工業が立地する。中華人民共和国成立後、防砂林が造成され、大豆、コウリャン、トウモロコシ、アワなどを産する。また、石炭や天然珪砂(けいさ)などの地下資源もある。名勝としては大青溝自然保護区が有名。

［浅井辰郎・編集部　2017年12月12日］

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