Allende - Ajende (English spelling) Salvador Allende Gossens

Chilean politician. Born into a wealthy middle-class family in Valparaiso. He studied medicine at the University of Chile, but was also a radical student activist. He participated in the founding of the Chilean Socialist Party (1933), and thereafter pursued a political career, serving as a member of the lower house, Minister of Health in the People's Cabinet (1939-1942), Senator (1945-1969), and President of the Senate, playing an active role as a leading figure in the Socialist Party. Since 1952, he has run for president many times, and in the 1970 election, he was elected president while attracting worldwide attention as the candidate of the Popular Alliance, which was centered on the Socialist and Communist parties. Under the platform of "anti-imperialist and anti-oligarchy," he nationalized major domestic and foreign companies, including American copper mines, and implemented full-scale land reform, and established diplomatic relations with Cuba and China. These reform policies were strongly supported by workers and low-income earners, but faced resistance and pressure from the US government and domestic conservative forces, who feared the socialization of Chile. Finally, in September 1973, the military and police staged a coup, and he himself took up arms and met a dramatic end.

[Yuzo Kamo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

チリの政治家。バルパライソの豊かな中流家庭に生まれる。チリ大学で医学を学んだが、急進的な学生活動家でもあった。チリ社会党の創立（1933）に参加し、以後政治家の道を歩み、下院議員、人民内閣の保健相（1939～1942）、上院議員（1945～1969）、上院議長を務め、社会党の重鎮として活躍。1952年以来たびたび大統領選挙に出馬し、1970年の選挙では社共両党を中心とする人民連合の候補者として世界的に注目されるなかで大統領に選ばれた。「反帝・反寡頭勢力」の綱領のもとで、アメリカ系銅山をはじめ内外主要企業の国有化や本格的な土地改革を実施し、対外的にはキューバ、中国と国交を樹立した。これらの改革政策は労働者や低所得者の強い支持を受けたが、チリの社会主義化を恐れたアメリカ政府や国内の保守勢力からの抵抗や圧力にあった。1973年9月、ついに軍と警察がクーデターを起こし、自らも武器をとって闘いつつ劇的な最期を遂げた。

［加茂雄三］

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