National quality/national quality - Kunijichi Tokorojichi

Japanese: 国質･所質 - くにじちところじち

A form of pawning (private seizure) by a creditor against a debtor based on a lending relationship in medieval society. This term appears in the market laws of the 15th and 16th centuries as the most common prohibition clause for maintaining peace in the market, but disappears in the early 17th century. Kokushiki refers to the act of a creditor taking a person who belongs to the same domain as the debtor and is able to seize, or the movable property of the debtor, by force, in place of the debtor in the event of the debtor's default on a debt. This term was created in connection with the establishment of the shugo-ryokoku system as a regional political group, and in this period, there were terms such as hoshiki, gojichi, and gunshiki, which corresponded to groups such as ikki, goson, and gun, respectively.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中世社会の貸借関係にもとづく債権者の債務者に対する質取り(私的差押え)行為の一形態。この言葉は，15～16世紀の市場法において，市場の平和維持の最も一般的な禁止条項としてあらわれるが，17世紀初頭その姿を消す。国質は，債権者が他国の債務者の債務不履行にさいし，その債務者本人のかわりに，債務者と同じ領国に所属し差押え可能な人，またはその人の動産を実力で質取りする行為を意味する。この語は，地域的政治集団としての守護領国制の成立とかかわって生まれたもので，この時代，そのほか一揆，郷村，郡などの集団に対応し，それぞれ方質，郷質（ごうじち），郡質などが存在した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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