A professional employed by the towns of early modern cities, working under the town officials in various low-level administrative tasks in running the town. In Edo and Osaka, they were called machidai, and in Kyoto, choyonin or yonin. Their main duties differed slightly from city to city, but in Edo they included (1) conveying town notices, (2) handling town business, and (3) preparing various documents. The machidai was an indispensable presence in maintaining and running the town, and for this reason they were considered choga kae. A choga kae is not only employed by the town, but is also controlled by it in terms of personality, and the yonin in Kyoto in particular are typical examples of this. [Tetsuya Sugimori] "Kenji Sugawara, "The Town and Servants of Early Modern Kyoto" (included in Yasuo Takahashi and Nobuyuki Yoshida, eds., Introduction to Japanese Urban History 3, 1990, University of Tokyo Press) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
近世都市の町(ちょう)に雇用され、町役人(ちょうやくにん)のもとで町運営上のさまざまな下級事務に携わった専業者。江戸や大坂では町代、京都では町用人(ちょうようにん)・用人と呼ばれた。その主な職務は、各都市によって多少の相違がみられるが、江戸の場合、(1)町触(まちぶれ)の伝達、(2)町入用事務、(3)各種文書の作成、などである。町代は、町を維持・運営するうえで必要不可欠な存在であり、このため町抱(ちょうがかえ)とされた。町抱とは、町によって雇用されるのみならず、人格的にも支配を受けるというもので、とくに京都の用人はその典型としての特徴を有している。 [杉森哲也] 『菅原憲二著「近世京都の町と用人」(高橋康夫・吉田伸之編『日本都市史入門3』所収・1990・東京大学出版会)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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