Protector of Kyoto

This was the title of a shogunate position in the early Kamakura period. Located in Kyoto, they led the Gokenin (vassals of the shogunate), guarded the capital, conducted government affairs such as trials, negotiated with the Imperial Court, and acted as a liaison between Kyoto and Kamakura, but had less authority than the later Rokuhara Tandai (chief of the Rokuhara tandai). The first head of the position was Hojo Tokimasa in 1185 (Bun'ei 1), followed by Ichijo Yoshiyasu and Nakahara Chikayoshi. In the early days, relatives and close aides of Minamoto no Yoritomo were assigned to the position, but after Tokimasa became regent in 1203 (Kennin 3), many relatives of the Hojo clan, such as Hiraga Tomomasa and Iga Mitsusue, were dispatched, and even two people were appointed at the same time. After the Jōkyū War (1221), the Rokuhara Tandai was established and the clan disappeared.

[Yasunori Koyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉時代前期の幕府の職名。京都にあって御家人(ごけにん)を統率し、洛中(らくちゅう)の警備、裁判などの政務を行い、朝廷との折衝、京・鎌倉間の連絡にあたったが、後の六波羅探題(ろくはらたんだい)に比して権限は弱かった。1185年（文治1）の北条時政(ほうじょうときまさ)が初代とされ、ついで一条能保(いちじょうよしやす)、中原親能(なかはらちかよし)が就任した。初期には源頼朝(よりとも)の縁者、側近があてられたが、時政が執権となった1203年（建仁3）以後は、平賀朝雅(ひらがともまさ)、伊賀光季(いがみつすえ)など北条氏の縁者が多く派遣され、しかも同時に2名が任ぜられるようになった。承久(じょうきゅう)の乱（1221）後、六波羅探題が設置されて消滅した。

［小山靖憲］

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