Superoxide - Hyperoxide

Japanese: 超酸化物 - ちょうさんかぶつ(英語表記)hyperoxide
Superoxide - Hyperoxide

A compound that contains the superoxide ion O2- . It is represented by the general formula MIO2 . Only compounds of elements with strong electropositive properties are known ( MI = Na, K, Rb, Cs , 1/2Ca, 1/2Sr, 1/2Ba). O3- is called an ozonide ion, and compounds represented by MIO3 ( MI = Na, K, Rb, Cs) are ozonides, not superoxides.

Alkali metal compounds are obtained by heating the metal or metal oxide with sufficient oxygen or air, while alkaline earth metal compounds are obtained by prolonged heating of peroxides with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions.

The compounds of alkali metals are yellow, paramagnetic (due to the presence of [OO] -ions ) solids. All but the sodium compounds are stable in dry air. They decompose at high temperatures and are black in the molten state. They react with water to release oxygen and become peroxides, which further decompose to hydroxides at high temperatures.

2KO2 K2O2O2
K 2 O 2 +H 2 O→2KOH+1/2O 2
It is difficult to obtain pure alkaline earth metal compounds.

[Nakahara Katsunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

超酸化物イオンO2-を含む化合物をいう。一般式MIO2で示される。電気陽性の強い元素の化合物のみが知られている(MI=Na,K,Rb,Cs,1/2Ca,1/2Sr,1/2Ba)。O3-はオゾン化物イオンといい、MIO3(MI=Na,K,Rb,Cs)で示される化合物はオゾン化物(オゾニドozonide)であって、超酸化物とはいわない。

 アルカリ金属の化合物は、金属あるいは金属酸化物を十分な酸素あるいは空気と熱して得られる。アルカリ土類金属化合物は、過酸化物と過酸化水素濃溶液との長時間加熱によって得られる。

 アルカリ金属の化合物は黄色常磁性([OO]-イオンの存在のため)の固体。ナトリウム化合物のほかは乾燥空気中で安定。高温では分解し、融解状態では黒色を呈する。水と反応して酸素を放って過酸化物となり、高温ではさらに水酸化物にまで分解する。

  2KO2→K2O2+O2
  K2O2+H2O→2KOH+1/2O2
 アルカリ土類金属化合物は純粋なものが得にくい。

[中原勝儼]

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