A solid mixture is obtained when two components, A and B, are mixed together in a solution and have a certain composition, and solidify together at a certain temperature without forming a solid solution. This mixture is a mixture of tiny crystals of A and B, and is also called a eutectic crystal. When a eutectic mixture is heated, it melts at the same temperature as the solidification temperature, and appears to behave like a pure substance. This temperature is called the eutectic point. If the composition changes, the melting point rises and the eutectic phenomenon does not occur. If one component is water and the other is a salt that is soluble in water, the eutectic mixture is called a cryohydrate. Lead-antimony, benzene-naphthalene, water-potassium chloride, etc. form eutectic mixtures. The eutectic point is a temperature lower than the melting points of each component, so it is possible to obtain a low temperature by utilizing the eutectic phenomenon. [Iwamoto Shinbu] ©Shogakukan "> Composition and melting point of eutectic mixture Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
溶液となって互いに混ざり合っている物質AおよびBの二成分系が、ある一定の組成であるとき、固溶体をつくらずに、ある温度でともに凝固したときに得られる固体混合物。AおよびBの微小な結晶が混ざり合った混合物であり、共晶eutectic crystalともいう。共融混合物を加熱すると、凝固温度と同じ温度で融解し、見かけ上純物質と似た挙動を示す。この温度を共融点eutectic pointという。組成が変わると融点は上昇し、共融現象はおこらない。一方が水で、他方が水に可溶な塩の場合には、その共融混合物を含氷晶(がんひょうしょう)cryohydrateという。鉛‐アンチモン、ベンゼン‐ナフタレン、水‐塩化カリウムなどが共融混合物をつくる。共融点は、それぞれの成分の融点より低い温度となるので、共融現象を利用して低温度を得ることもできる。 [岩本振武] ©Shogakukan"> 共融混合物の組成と融点 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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