aidōs (English spelling) aidos

Japanese: aidōs(英語表記)aidos
aidōs (English spelling) aidos

…a concept that is the basis of ancient Greek ethics, and is often translated as “arrogance.” It is the opposite of aidos (modesty), sōphrosynē (temperance), and metron (rule). When people are in the midst of prosperity and things are going their way, they become intoxicated with their good fortune, or they overestimate their own power, and sometimes even show arrogance toward the gods. This arrogance and pride that goes beyond what humans deserve inevitably invites divine punishment (Nemesis) and leads to the downfall of people. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "aidōs" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…古代ギリシア倫理思想の根底をなす概念で,しばしば〈傲慢(ごうまん)〉と訳される。アイドスaidōs(〈慎しみ〉),ソフロシュネsōphrosynē(〈節制〉),メトロンmetron(〈則(のり)〉)などの反対概念。思いどおりに事が運んで繁栄の極みにある人間が,幸運に酔いしれ,あるいはみずからの力を過信して,ときには神々に対してさえ示す思い上がった言動,それがヒュブリスで,こうした人間の分をわきまえぬ傲(おご)りや昂(たかぶ)りは,かならずや天罰(ネメシス)を招き,人を破滅させずにはおかないものと考えられた。…

※「aidōs」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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