Chang Hoon - Chou Kun

A soldier of the Beiyang warlords in China. Born in Jiangxi Province. After losing the Sino-Japanese War, he participated in organizing Yuan Shikai's new army and took part in Yuan's suppression of the Boxers in Shandong. Later, he served as a guard for Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu in Beijing, and served as admiral of Yunnan, Gansu, and Jiangnan. During the Xinhai Revolution, he fought against the revolutionary army in Nanjing and was defeated, but after Yuan Shikai became the Grand Commander, he renamed his army the Front Army of the Guard and stationed it in Yanzhou, obtaining the position of Commander of Anhui. He pledged loyalty to the Qing Dynasty and forbade his subordinates to cut their hair and kept them in pigtails, so his army was called the "Pigtail Army." In 1917, during the conflict between President Li Yuanhong and Premier Duan Qirui, he entered Beijing on the pretext of mediation, supported Puyi, and attempted to restore the Qing Dynasty. He appointed himself Minister of State, Governor-General of Zhili, and Minister of the Beiyang Dynasty, but was defeated by Duan Qirui's "anti-rebellious army" and later died of illness in Tianjin.

[Shinji Kojima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北洋軍閥の軍人。江西省に生まれる。日清(にっしん)戦争敗戦後、袁世凱(えんせいがい)の新軍編成に参画し、袁の山東の義和団鎮圧に加わった。のち北京(ペキン)で西太后(せいたいこう)と光緒(こうしょ)帝の護衛役を務め、雲南、甘粛(かんしゅく)、江南提督を歴任した。辛亥(しんがい)革命に際し、南京(ナンキン)で革命軍と戦って敗れたが、袁世凱の大総統就任後、部隊を武衛前軍と改称して兗州(えんしゅう)に駐屯し、安徽(あんき)督軍の地位を得た。清朝に忠誠を誓って、部下の剪髪(せんぱつ)を禁じ弁髪でいたので、彼の軍は「弁子軍」とよばれた。1917年、黎元洪(れいげんこう)総統と段祺瑞(だんきずい)総理との抗争に際し、調停の名目で北京に入り、溥儀(ふぎ)を擁立して清朝の再興を図り、自ら議政王大臣兼直隷総督・北洋大臣に任じたが、段祺瑞の「討逆軍」に敗れ、のち天津(てんしん)で病死した。

［小島晋治］

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