Ichibi - Ichibi

Japanese: イチビ - いちび
Ichibi - Ichibi

An annual plant of the Malvaceae family (APG classification: Malvaceae). It is also called Bouma or Kiriasa (Paulownia). Its Chinese name is Bouma. The stem is about 1.5 meters tall, and the leaves are heart-shaped, pointed at the tip, 10 to 15 centimeters long, sawtoothed, and alternate. From summer to autumn, yellow five-petaled flowers bloom in the axils at the top of the stem. The fruit is ring-shaped and divided into a dozen or so chambers, each containing about three seeds. It is native to India. It is said to have been introduced to Japan from China in ancient times. It was cultivated to obtain bast fiber from the stem, but is now rarely cultivated and has become wild in wastelands. It is easy to cultivate; seeds are sown in spring, and the mature parts are pulled out after 3 to 4 months, dried, the leaves are removed, and the plant is soaked in water to ferment and obtain the fiber. Although it is not clearly classified as a cultivated variety, it is divided into Shiraki and Aoki species based on the color of the stem. Shiraki species has better yield and quality. Because the fibers are coarse and brittle, it is not used alone, but is mixed with about 30% jute to make rope and burlap bags. Waste fibers are used as a raw material for paper.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika April 17, 2020]

[Reference] | Koma

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アオイ科(APG分類:アオイ科)の一年草。ボウマ、キリアサ(桐麻)ともいう。中国名は莔麻(ぼうま)。茎は高さ約1.5メートル、葉は、心臓形で先はとがり、長さ10~15センチメートル、鋸歯(きょし)があり、互生する。夏から秋にかけて茎上部の葉腋(ようえき)に黄色の5弁花を開く。果実は輪状に十数室に分かれ、各室に種子が3個ほど入る。原産地はインド。日本には古い時代に中国から渡来したとされる。茎から靭皮(じんぴ)繊維をとるために栽培されたが、現在はほとんど栽培されず、荒れ地で野生化している。栽培は容易で、春に種を播(ま)き、3~4か月で成熟したところを抜き取り、乾かして葉を落とし、水に浸して発酵させて繊維をとる。栽培品種として明確に分類されてはいないが、茎の色によって白木(しらき)種と青木(あおき)種とに分けられる。白木種のほうが収量、質ともによい。繊維は粗くもろいので、単独で用いることはせず、ロープや麻袋をつくる際、コウマ(黄麻)に30%ほど混ぜて用いる。屑(くず)繊維は紙の原料とする。

[星川清親 2020年4月17日]

[参照項目] | コウマ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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