Baosi - Hosi

Japanese: 褒姒 - ほうじ
Baosi - Hosi

A legendary woman from ancient China. She was the concubine of King You, the last king of the Western Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the Xia Dynasty, two dragons appeared at the court and left behind a drool. The drool was stored in a chest for a long time and was opened during the reign of King Li of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The drool then turned into a black turtle, and a young girl who met it became pregnant and gave birth to Baosi. Later, she became the favorite of King You, but she never laughed once, so King You tried everything he could to make her laugh. However, one day, Baosi laughed for the first time when she saw the feudal lords rushing to see the signal fire announcing an enemy attack. Because of this, the king would often send up false signal fires to make her laugh, so that the feudal lords eventually stopped believing them, and when foreign enemies really attacked, the Western Zhou dynasty was destroyed without a fight. King You was killed at the foot of Mount Li, and Baosi was abducted by the enemy. This episode, which is said to have occurred in 771 BC, is one of the stories of the Xia dynasty's Shou Xi and the Shang dynasty's Daji, and is a legendary expression of the idea that women can destroy countries, and cannot be determined to be historical fact.

[Tota Kirimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国古代の伝説上の女性。西周王朝最後の王である幽王の愛妾(あいしょう)。夏(か)王朝末期、朝廷に二匹の竜が現れてよだれを残して去ったが、このよだれは長く櫃(ひつ)の中にしまわれて西周王朝の厲(れい)王のときに開かれた。するとそのよだれはいつのまにか黒い亀(かめ)と化し、これに出会った幼女が妊娠してやがて生まれたのが褒姒であると伝えられている。のちに幽王の寵愛(ちょうあい)を受けるようになった彼女は、一度も笑ったことがないため、幽王は彼女を笑わせようと八方に手を尽くした。ところが褒姒は、あるとき敵の来襲を知らせるのろしがあがるのを見た諸侯が息せききって駆けつけるようすを見て、初めて笑った。このため王は、彼女を笑わせるためにたびたび嘘(うそ)ののろしをあげたので、ついに諸侯はこれを信じなくなり、本当に外敵が攻めてきたときにはひとたまりもなく西周王朝は滅んでしまった。そして幽王は驪山(りざん)の麓(ふもと)で殺され、褒姒は敵に連れ去られたという。紀元前771年の事件とされているこのエピソードは、夏王朝の妹喜(ばっき)や殷(いん)王朝の妲己(だっき)と並んで、女性が国を滅ぼすという考え方を伝説の形で表現したものであり、歴史的な事実と断定することはできない。

[桐本東太]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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