William Tuke

Japanese: チューク（英語表記）William Tuke

1732‐1822
A merchant from York, England. A Quaker, at the age of 60, he advocated for the establishment of an institution for the mentally ill within the Society of Friends. At the time, in British psychiatric hospitals, patients slept on straw floors, were chained, and were treated like animals. When a member of the Society of Friends died in a psychiatric hospital, his advocacy bore fruit in the form of the establishment of York Retreat. After its establishment, the institution was passed down from generation to generation, and this movement marked the beginning of modern psychiatry.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1732‐1822
イギリスのヨーク市の商人。クエーカー教徒で，60歳のときに，教徒の〈友会〉に，精神障害者のための施設を設けることを提唱した。当時，イギリスの精神病院では患者はわら床に寝かされ，鎖でつながれて，動物同然に扱われていた。〈友会〉の会員が精神病院で死亡したことが契機となって，彼の提唱は，〈ヨーク隠退所York Retreat〉の設立という形で実を結んだ。設立後，施設は代々子孫に受け継がれたが，この運動は現代精神医学のあけぼのとなった。

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