Intertillage - Chukou

Japanese: 中耕 - ちゅうこう

Also called inter-row tilling, this is the work of plowing between rows of crops during the growing season. Its effects are to loosen the soil and aid in root growth, as well as to turn over and break up the soil, promote weathering, and make the fertilizer available for better crop growth. Weeding, top dressing, and hilling are carried out simultaneously to enhance the effects of each work, but it can also have a negative effect by delaying the maturity of the crops, as the soil's physicochemical properties become favorable for nutrient absorption. The first inter-row tilling is carried out around two weeks after planting for rice and 40-50 days after sowing for wheat and barley, and the final inter-row tilling is carried out in early to mid-August for rice and mid-March for barley.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中打ちともいい，作物の生長期間中に条間を耕起する作業のこと。その効果は土壌を膨軟にして根の生長を助けるとともに，土壌を反転，細砕して風化作用を盛んにし，肥料成分を可給態に変えて作物の生育をよくする。除草，追肥，土寄などを同時に行い，それぞれの作業の効果を増進させるが，土壌の理化学的性質が養分吸収に有利な状態になるため，作物の成熟期を遅らせ悪影響を及ぼすこともある。水稲は田植え後2週間前後，麦類は播種後 40～50日目に第1回目を行い，最後の中耕は水稲では8月上・中旬，麦作では3月中旬に行う。

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