The capital of Tunisia in North Africa. It is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the country. Population: 674,142 (1994 census), 696,700 (2002 estimate). The city is located on an isthmus between Lake Tunis (lagoon) and Sejmi Salt Lake at the back of the Gulf of Tunis. A canal runs from the port of Tunis to the outer port of La Goulette at the entrance of the lagoon, connecting it to the Mediterranean Sea. It is located at the crossroads connecting the north and south of Tunisia, the inland and the Mediterranean Sea, and internationally faces Sicily (Italy) and Malta, and is in a position to control the center of the Mediterranean Sea. The ruins of Carthage are located 20 km northeast of the city. The climate is Mediterranean, with hot and dry summers and somewhat cold winters (average temperature in January is 11°C) with little rain, but comfortable weather in spring and autumn. The old Arabic city called Medina is located in the center of the isthmus, and is densely packed with square houses with courtyards. In its narrow passages, there is a tourist souvenir street (souk) where traditional crafts are displayed, and an old mosque. To the east of Medina, a European-style city area spreads out in a grid pattern. The beautiful central green area of Bourguiba Avenue, and the two streets perpendicular to it, Paris Avenue and Carthage Avenue, are the main streets. The southern part is an industrial area producing machinery, food, textiles, metallurgy, cement, etc. To the west are government offices, the University of Tunis, and the Bardo Museum. There used to be residential areas such as Ezzala on the southern coast, but with the increase in population after independence, residential areas have expanded to the northern suburbs, and the Cherghia Industrial Park has been formed around Tunis-Carthage International Airport. Other plans include redevelopment of Medina, construction of a subway, and greening of both lake shores. The ruins of Medina and Carthage were registered as World Heritage sites in 1979 (World Cultural Heritage). [Hiroshi Fujii] historyAlthough the town has existed since ancient times, it did not become the country's political centre until the 13th century under the Hafsid dynasty, when it replaced Kairouan as the capital. Even under the rule of the Ottoman Empire after 1574, it developed as the capital of the pashas and beys who ruled Tunisia. In 1881 it became a French protectorate and developed as the seat of the Governor-General, with a modern port and city being constructed. During World War II it was briefly occupied by Italian and German forces, but was recaptured by the Allied forces. Since independence in 1956, it has continued to develop as Tunisia's capital, and its population has been steadily increasing. [Hiroshi Fujii] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカ、チュニジアの首都。同国の政治、経済、文化、交通の中心地である。人口67万4142(1994センサス)、69万6700(2002推計)。市街地はチュニス湾奥のチュニス湖(潟湖(せきこ))とセジュミ塩湖とに挟まれた地峡上に立地する。チュニス港から潟湖の入口の外港ラグーレットまで運河があり地中海と結ばれている。チュニジアの北部と南部、内陸部と地中海を結ぶ十字路に位置し、国際的にもシチリア島(イタリア)、マルタ島と向かい合い、地中海中央を押さえる位置にある。北東郊20キロメートルにはカルタゴ遺跡がある。気候は地中海式気候で、夏暑く乾燥し、冬はやや寒く(1月の平均気温11℃)少雨があるが、春秋は快適な気候である。 メディナとよばれる古いアラブ風市街は地峡の中央にあり、中庭をもつ方形住居が密集している。その狭い通路には伝統工芸品を並べる観光土産(みやげ)品街(スーク)や古いモスクもある。メディナの東は碁盤目状のヨーロッパ風市街地が広がる。中央緑地帯の美しいブルギバ通り、これに直交するパリ通り、カルタゴ通りが中心街である。南部は機械、食品、繊維、冶金(やきん)、セメントなどの工業地帯になっている。西には官庁、チュニス大学、バルドー博物館がある。南の海岸にエッザラなど住宅地があったが、独立後の人口増加で北郊に住宅地が延びており、チュニス・カルタゴ国際空港周辺にはシェルギア工業団地が形成されている。ほかにメディナの再開発、地下鉄建設、両湖岸の緑地化計画などがある。なお、メディナとカルタゴの遺跡が1979年に世界遺産の文化遺産に登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [藤井宏志] 歴史古くから町は存在したが、国の政治的中心地となったのは13世紀ハフス朝のとき、カイルアンにかわり首都となってからである。1574年以後のオスマン帝国支配下でも、チュニジアを治めるパシャ、ベイの首都として発展した。1881年フランスの保護領となり統監府の所在地として発展し、近代的な港湾と都市が建設された。第二次世界大戦中一時イタリア・ドイツ軍に占領されたが、連合軍により奪回された。1956年の独立以後、チュニジアの首都として発展を続け、人口も増加の一途をたどっている。 [藤井宏志] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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