The administrative capital of Cheshire West Chester, in the mid-west of England, United Kingdom. It is located about 25 km south-southeast of Liverpool, facing the lower reaches of the River Dee, which flows into the Irish Sea. In Roman times it was called Deva, and was the main fortress of the Britannian Western Legion, and was also used as a defensive base during the Kingdom of Mercia. After the Norman dynasty it became the administrative centre, and its first charter was granted in 1176. In the 13th and 14th centuries it prospered as a port city, mainly through trade with Ireland, but as the estuary at the mouth of the River Dee became shallower due to silt deposition, it gradually declined, and by the 18th century it had ceded its position as the main port in the region to Liverpool. It is a commercial centre, with various light industries. In addition to the medieval atmosphere of the town, many historical buildings such as Roman defensive walls, the remains of a stone amphitheater, and a 16th century cathedral have been preserved, and tourism is also thriving. Area 448 km2 . Metropolitan population: 81,210 (2001). Chester |
イギリス,イングランド中西部,チェシャーウェスト・チェスターの行政府所在地。リバプールの南南東約 25kmにあり,アイリッシュ海に注ぐディー川の下流部に臨む。ローマ時代にはデバ Devaと呼ばれ,ブリタニア西部軍団の主要な要塞があったところで,マーシア王国時代にも防衛拠点として利用された。ノルマン朝以降行政中心地となり,1176年最初の勅許状が与えられた。13~14世紀には港町として,おもにアイルランドとの交易できわめて繁栄したが,ディー川河口の三角江(エスチュアリー)がシルトの堆積によって浅くなるにつれてしだいに衰退し,18世紀までにはこの地方の主要港としての地位をリバプールに譲った。商業中心地で,各種軽工業が立地する。中世の香り漂う町並みに加えて,ローマ時代の防壁や石造の円形劇場跡,16世紀創建の大聖堂などの歴史的建造物も多数保存されており,観光業も盛ん。面積 448km2。都市圏人口 8万121(2001)。
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