Aisin Gioro

Japanese: 愛新覚羅 - あいしんかくら
Aisin Gioro

The surname of the royal family of the Qing Dynasty in China. The Qing was a dynasty established by the Manchus, and Manchu was the native language. Aisin means gold in Manchu, but there are various theories about the meaning of Gyoro, and it is unclear. The Chinese characters for Aisin Gioro simply represent the pronunciation of the Manchu language. There are several Manchu surnames that start with Gyoro, such as Irgen Gyoro and Xilin Gyoro, and they are said to be ancient and distinguished families. The surname Aisin Gioro is not found anywhere else except the Qing Dynasty royal family, so it seems to have been created during the time of Nurhaci, the first emperor of the country, to express the nobility of his clan, and is likely related to the country's name, which was called Aisin (gold) at the time. The family of Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty (Emperor Xuantong), still uses the surname Aisin Gioro to this day.

[Nobuo Kanda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、清(しん)朝王室の姓。清は満洲族の建てた王朝で、満州語が固有の言語であった。アイシンは満州語で金を意味するが、ギョロの意味については諸説があり、明らかでない。愛新覚羅の漢字は、ただ満州語の発音を表したものである。満洲族の姓には伊爾根覚羅(イルゲンギョロ)、西林覚羅(シリンギョロ)など覚羅のつくものがいくつかあり、それらは古い由緒ある家柄であるという。愛新覚羅の姓は清朝王室以外にまったくないので、国初太祖ヌルハチの時代に、自己の氏族の尊貴を表そうとして作為されたらしく、当時アイシン(金)と称していた国名と関係するようである。清朝最後の皇帝(宣統帝)溥儀(ふぎ)の一族は、現在なお愛新覚羅の姓を名のっている。

[神田信夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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