Islam - Islam (English spelling)

Japanese: イスラム - いすらむ(英語表記)Islam
Islam - Islam (English spelling)
A religion founded in the early 7th century by Muhammad (Mahomet) in the Arabian Peninsula after receiving revelation from the one God (Allah). Believers are widely distributed in Western Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia, and other areas. Islam means "absolute submission to the one God," and even without the "religion" attached, it means a religion in itself. Its followers are called Muslims (those who submit absolutely). Furthermore, "Allah" means "God" in Arabic, and is not a proper noun that represents the name of God. Muhammad, who was born into the Hashemite family of the Quraysh tribe, a wealthy merchant family in Mecca, received a revelation from God in 610 at the age of 40. The revelation continued until Muhammad's death (632), and was later compiled into the holy book, the Quran. The basic religious practices of Muslims are the following five (five elements). (1) Confessing the fundamental belief that "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God," (2) Praying five times a day in the direction of Mecca, (3) Fasting (Sawm) from sunrise to sunset for one month in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar (December in Japan), (4) Giving charity (a kind of tax to benefit society), and (5) Making a pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims live according to the Islamic calendar (lunar calendar, Hijri calendar), which began in 622, when Muhammad fled persecution and moved from Mecca to Medina. In Islam, characters from Judaism and Christianity such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus are also recognized as prophets (those who convey the word of God). However, it is said that Muhammad was chosen as the final prophet because God's will was not conveyed accurately in Judaism and Christianity. The God of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is actually the same, and in that sense, the three are half-brothers. After the death of Muhammad, the Muslim world split into Shiite and Sunni sects due to a dispute over who would succeed him, and from each of these sects further sects emerged. The Sunni sect is the majority in the modern Islamic world.

(Professor Hiroshi Iwai, Kansai International University / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
7世紀初頭、アラビア半島でムハンマド(マホメット)が唯一の神(アッラー)から啓示を受けて創始した宗教。信者は、西アジア、アフリカ、東南アジアなどに広く分布している。イスラムとは「唯一の神に絶対帰依すること」を指し、「教」を付けなくとも、それ自体が宗教を意味する。また、その信者はムスリム(絶対帰依する者)と呼ばれる。さらに「アッラー」はアラビア語で「神」の意味であり、神の名前を表す固有名詞ではない。マッカ(メッカ)の富裕な商家クライシュ族のハーシム家に生まれたムハンマドは610年、40歳の時に神の啓示を受ける。啓示はムハンマドの死(632年)に至るまで下り続け、後にこれをまとめたものが聖典『クルアーン』(コーラン)である。ムスリムの基本的な宗教実践は次の5つ(五行)。(1)「アッラーの他に神なし、ムハンマドは神の使徒なり」という根本的信仰を告白すること、(2)1日5回、マッカの方角に向かって礼拝すること、(3)イスラム暦の9月(日本では12月)の1カ月間、日の出から日没まで断食(サウム)をすること、(4)喜捨(社会のために役立てる税金のようなもの)をすること、(5)マッカへの巡礼。ムスリムの生活は、ムハンマドが迫害を逃れてマッカからマディーナ(メディナ)に移った622年を元年とする、イスラム暦(太陰暦、ヒジュラ暦)に従っている。また、イスラムでは、アブラハム、モーセ、イエスなどのユダヤ教・キリスト教の登場人物も預言者(神の言葉を伝える者)として認められている。しかし、ユダヤ教・キリスト教では神の意思が正確に伝わらなかったために、最終預言者としてムハンマドが選ばれたのだという。ユダヤ教・キリスト教・イスラムの神も実は同一であり、その意味では三者は異母兄弟の関係にあるといってもよい。ムハンマドの死後、後継者争いからシーア派とスンニ(スンナ)派に分裂し、両者からさらにいくつもの分派が発生した。現代のイスラム世界ではスンニ派が多数派である。

(岩井洋 関西国際大学教授 / 2007年)

出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報

<<:  Islam (English spelling)

>>:  Islamabad (English spelling)

Recommend

Nummulites

A group of macroforaminifera (higher foraminifera...

Obi cedar - Obisugi

Imo Shochu from Miyazaki. The name of the sake com...

Loan - Shakkan (English spelling) Loan

Generally refers to the borrowing and lending of ...

Book Magistrate - Shomotsubugyo

〘Noun〙 One of the titles of the Edo Shogunate. It ...

Savoie - Savoie (English spelling)

A historical region in southeastern France, borde...

kheper

...This was a mistake made by Fabre because he ha...

Deep sea floor

The deep seabed refers to the ocean floor of the ...

picador

…Even today, bullfights follow a ritualized forma...

Light perception

〘noun〙 A sensation caused by the stimulus of light...

Sömmering, STvon (English spelling)

…Soon after, attempts were made to use the phenom...

Fleshy fruit

…Fruits can be classified based on the shape of t...

Rhipiphoridae; wedge-shaped beetle

A general term for insects of the Coleoptera famil...

Ienaga lawsuit

In a narrow sense, it refers to measures taken by...

Inhalants - Inhalants

…Generally, they have a local effect at the site ...

Yoshiro Taniguchi

Architect. Born in Kanazawa. Graduated from the D...