Danbou (English spelling) tuan-mao; t`uan-mao

Japanese: 団貌 - だんぼう（英語表記）tuan-mao; t`uan-mao

A method of verifying household registries in the Tang Dynasty of China. It is an abbreviation of 'Tanshu Mangyu', which involved gathering people together to inspect their age and health. The term 'Mangyu' was also found in the Sui Dynasty, but in the Tang Dynasty, when preparing the household register and the register that constituted it, the county magistrate interviewed the residents (mainly the small, middle, and men) and compared them with the declarations submitted by the heads of households, and then examined and decided who should be newly included in the men and women of the household, who should be exempt from paying taxes, who should be given servants, etc. The ages recorded on the declarations and those based on appearance sometimes differed, and there were also errors in the declarations, so documents alone were unreliable, and so this was done to prevent people from making false entries to avoid paying public taxes. A small 'Tan'mang' was conducted when preparing the register once a year, but after Kaiyuan 29 (741), it was only conducted once every three years when the household register was established.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，唐代の戸籍確認の方法。団集貌閲の略称で，人民を集めて年齢や健康状態を査閲すること。貌閲の語は隋代にもみられるが，唐代には戸籍やその編成資料となる計帳をつくる場合に，県令が住民 (おもに小・中・丁男) と面接し，戸主の提出した手実 (申告書) と照合したうえで，新たに丁男，老男に入れる者，課役を徴すべき者と免ずべき者，侍丁を給すべき者などを審査して決定した。手実に記載された年齢と容貌による年齢とが食違うことがあり，また申告に誤脱があって，書類だけには頼りがたいので，虚偽の記載をして公課を逃れようとするのを防ぐために行われた。毎年1度計帳をつくるときに小団貌を行なったが，開元 29 (741) 年以後は，3年に1度戸籍を定めるときだけに行われるようになった。

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