Living organisms polymerize 20 types of amino acids within their cells to synthesize many different types of functional protein molecules. Each type of protein molecule has a fixed amino acid sequence, and information about the order of the sequence is written as a base sequence in genetic DNA. Information about one amino acid is written as a sequence of three adjacent bases (a triplet), and this sequence of three bases is called a codon. For example, if we consider a specific protein molecule species made up of 100 amino acid residues, the sequence of 300 bases in genetic DNA constitutes the genetic information that specifies the amino acid sequence of this protein. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
生物は細胞内で20種類のアミノ酸を重合させ,機能をもつ多種類のタンパク質分子を合成する。おのおのの種類のタンパク質分子は,定まったアミノ酸配列をもち,配列順序に関する情報は,遺伝子DNA上に塩基配列として書き込まれている。1個のアミノ酸に関する情報は,3個の隣り合った塩基配列(トリプレット)として書かれ,この3塩基の連なりをコドンcodonと呼ぶ。例えば,100個のアミノ酸残基よりなる特定のタンパク質分子種を考えた場合,遺伝子DNA上の300塩基の連なりの部分が,このタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を規定する遺伝情報になっている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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