Carbonaceous chondrite

Japanese: 炭素質コンドライト - たんそしつコンドライト(英語表記)carbonaceous chondrite
Carbonaceous chondrite
A general term for a group of unique stony meteorites that contain a lot of water and organic matter such as hydrocarbons. They are extremely oxidized, and the iron in the chondrites is either in silicates as Fe2 + or in magnetite as Fe3 + , with almost no metallic iron. In 1956, HB Weak further classified them into three groups based on the content of water and organic matter, and this classification is still used today: (1) Type I: Water = 0-20%, Carbon = 3-4%; (2) Type II: Water = 0-10%, Carbon = 0-2%; (3) Type III: Water = 0-2%, Carbon = 0-0.5%. Type I is considered to be a relatively good representative of the original composition of the early solar system, and has been used to estimate the cosmic abundance of elements. In fact, the chemical composition of Type I is very similar to that of the solar atmosphere, especially with the exception of volatile elements. In addition, the chemical and mineral compositions of Type III are thought to include many of the materials that formed during the early stages of condensation from the solar nebula, providing ample material for the development of the condensation theory, and have attracted the interest of many scientists as they believe they hold the key to solving the mysteries of the origin of the solar system and the origin of life.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
水や炭化水素などの有機物を多く含む特異な石質隕石の一群の総称。極端に酸化された状態を示し,コンドライト中の鉄は Fe2+としてケイ酸塩に入るか,Fe3+として磁鉄鉱となっており,金属鉄はほとんど存在しない。1956年,H.B.ウィークは水と有機物の含有量によってさらに次の三つのグループに分類し,今日でもこの分類が使われている。(1) タイプI 水=0~20%,炭素=3~4%。(2) タイプII 水=0~10%,炭素=0~2%。(3) タイプIII 水=0~2%,炭素=0~0.5%。タイプIは原始太陽系のもとの組成を比較的よく代表しているものとして,元素の宇宙存在度を推定するのに使われた。事実,タイプIの化学組成は特に揮発性の元素を除けば太陽大気の組成とよく似ている。またタイプIIIの化学組成と鉱物組成は,原始太陽系星雲から初期に凝縮したものを多く含むものがあると考えられ,凝縮説の発展に多くの研究材料を与えた。太陽系の起源,生命の起源に関する謎を解く鍵をもつものとして多くの科学者の興味をひいている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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