Hetu Luoshu - Katorakusho

The river diagram was originally a type of jade bi (a stone wall) and was also a good omen when an emperor rose to power, but later it was linked to the Book of Luo and became a prophecy to predict the future, and in the Later Han Dynasty of China it became part of the Book of Wei. In the "Gu Ming" chapter of the Book of Shangshu, there is a "river diagram" alongside treasures such as the giant jade, the Yi jade, and the celestial sphere, and in the "Zi Han" chapter of the Analects of Confucius it says, "The river does not produce a diagram," and in the "Jici" chapter of the Book of Changes it says, "The river produces a diagram, Luo produces writing, and the sages follow this," and it is seen as an auspicious sign. Also, in the "Five Elements Record" of the "Book of Han," Liu Xin states, "The Xish succeeded Heaven as kings, received the He Tu, and painted it accordingly. This is the Eight Trigrams. Yu controlled the floods and was granted the Luo Shu. He described it according to the law. This is the Hong Fan," linking the He Tu to the Eight Trigrams of the "Book of Changes" and the Luo Shu to the Hong Fan of the "Book of Shangshu." From this, the He Tu Luo Shu came to be regarded as a scripture, and it is believed that it came to form part of the "Book of Wei" along with the "Wei" of the Seven Classics. The "He Tu" and "Luo Shu" chapters of the "Wei Shu" have three-character titles, just like the "Wei Shu," such as "He Tu Emperor Appreciates the Joy," "He Tu Grabs the Regime," "Luo Shu Listens to the Ling," and "Luo Shu Zhen Yaodu."

[Shohachi Nakamura]

"Ago Kozan and Nakamura Shohachi (eds.), "Compilation of the Compendium of the Books of the West, Volume 6, He Tu and Luo Shu" (1978, Meitoku Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

河図は初め玉璧(ぎょくへき)の類であり、また帝王興起の際の瑞祥(ずいしょう)でもあったが、のちに洛書と結び付き、未来を予言する讖(しん)となり、中国後漢(ごかん)では『緯書(いしょ)』の一部となった。『尚書(しょうしょ)』の「顧命篇(へん)」には、太玉(たいぎょく)、夷(い)玉、天球などの宝器と並んで「河図」があり、『論語(ろんご)』「子罕(しかん)篇」には「河は図を出(い)ださず」と、『易経(えききょう)』の「繋辞伝(けいじでん)」には「河、図を出だし、洛、書を出だし、聖人これに則(のっと)る」と瑞祥としてみえる。また、『漢書(かんじょ)』の「五行志」には劉歆(りゅうきん)の説として、「羲(ふくぎ)氏は天を継ぎて王たり、河図を受け、則りてこれを畫(か)く。八卦(はっか)是(こ)れなり。禹(う)は洪水を治め、洛書を賜る。法(のっと)りてこれを陳す。洪範是れなり」と、河図を『易』の八卦、洛書を『尚書』の洪範と結び付けている。ここから『河図洛書』は経典視され、七経の「緯」とともに『緯書』の一部を構成するに至ったと思われる。『緯書』としての「河図」「洛書」は、「河図帝覧嬉(ていらんき)」「河図握矩起(あっくき)」「洛書霊準聴(れいじゅんちょう)」「洛書甄曜度(けんようど)」などと、『緯書』と同じように3字の篇名をもっている。

［中村璋八］

『安居香山・中村璋八編『重修緯書集成　巻6　河図・洛書』（1978・明徳出版社）』

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