A specialized field that studies ancient Egyptian writing, language, history, culture, and society. It began in 1822 when the French scientist J. Champollion deciphered hieroglyphics, the ancient Egyptian script, using the Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 during Napoleon I's Egyptian campaign. There are many ruins and a wealth of material, including characters carved into metal and stone, paper made from papyrus that grew abundantly along the banks of the Nile, and records written on pottery and stone fragments called ostraca. Egyptology is centered on philological and archaeological research, and, along with Assyriology, it constitutes a major field of ancient Near Eastern studies. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代エジプトの文字,言語,歴史,文化,社会などを研究する専門学。ナポレオン (1世) のエジプト遠征の際の 1799年発見されたロゼッタ石を手掛りとして,フランスの J.シャンポリオンが古代エジプト文字であるヒエログリフを解読したことに始った (1822) 。遺跡も多く,金石に刻まれた文字や,ナイル河畔に繁茂していたパピルスから製した紙,オストラコンと呼ばれた陶器や石片に書かれた記録など,資料は豊富なので,文献学的・考古学的研究を中心にエジプト学が行われ,アッシリア学などとともに,古代オリエント研究の主要な分野をなしている。
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