A port city on the Aegean Sea in the west of the Asia Minor Peninsula in Turkey, facing Izmir Bay. Capital of Izmir Province. Population 2,232,265 (2000). Turkey's third largest city after Istanbul and Ankara, its ancient Greek name was Smyrna. Surrounded by mountains on three sides, it is blessed with a natural harbor in a deep bay, and is connected to the broad hinterland by the development of roads and railways, making it an important trading city in Turkey and prosperous. Industries such as cotton weaving, leather, beer, olive oil, dyes, and tobacco are also well developed. An international trade fair is held every year from August to September. Since ancient times, the city has suffered great damage from earthquakes, and is not blessed with many historical sites. There is an archaeological museum. As if to symbolize the recent rapid population increase, the hills are crowded with hastily constructed houses called gecekondu (built in one night). [End line] historyFounded by the Achaeans around the 11th century BC, it was ruled by Lydia, Phrygia and other countries before becoming part of the Roman Empire in 133 AD. After the 11th century, the town came under Turkish control, and after the 17th century, it prospered as a base for Mediterranean trade between European countries and the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and many Greeks immigrated there from the Peloponnese and the Aegean islands. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the Greek government sent troops to the town in May 1919 on the pretext of building an "Ionian state" by Greeks, but this failed due to resistance from the Turks (Turkish Revolution). [Yuzo Nagata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコの小アジア半島西部、エーゲ海のイズミル湾に臨む港湾都市。イズミル県の県都。人口223万2265(2000)。イスタンブール、アンカラに次ぐトルコ第三の都市であり、古代ギリシア名はスミルナSmyrna。三方を山地で囲まれて深く湾入した天然の良港に恵まれ、道路、鉄道の発達によって広い後背地とも結び付き、トルコの重要な貿易都市として市街は活況を呈する。綿織、皮革、ビール、オリーブ油、染料、たばこなどの工業も発達する。毎年8~9月には国際見本市が開かれる。古来、地震による被害が大きく、史跡には恵まれない。考古博物館がある。近年の人口急増を象徴するかのように、丘陵上にはゲジェコンドゥ(一夜(いちや)建て)とよばれる急造住宅がひしめいている。 [末尾至行] 歴史紀元前11世紀ごろにアカイア人によって建設され、リディア、フリギアなどの支配を経て、紀元後133年からローマ帝国領となった。11世紀以後この町はトルコ人の支配下に入り、17世紀以後ヨーロッパ諸国とオスマン・トルコ帝国との地中海貿易の拠点として繁栄すると、ペロポネソス半島やエーゲ海諸島から多数のギリシア人が移住した。第一次世界大戦後オスマン帝国が滅亡すると、1919年5月に、この町を中心にギリシア人による「イオニア国家」の建設を口実にギリシア政府は軍隊を派遣したが、トルコ人の抵抗によって失敗した(トルコ革命)。 [永田雄三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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