A general term for cold desserts and cold dishes made using the solidifying properties of gelatin and agar. Because of its beautiful transparency, it is often poured over the surfaces of sweets and dishes to give them a glossy finish and further beautify them. Jelly is made from two types of ingredients: plant-based and animal-based. In plant-based jellies, the solidifying properties of the pectin contained in fruit help the fruit solidify when it is boiled. In animal-based jellies, the connective tissues of animals such as bones, skin and tendons are used as ingredients, and they play a major role in jelly dishes. There are two types: solid and powder. The solid type is simply soaked in water and allowed to absorb water before use. The powder type is added with three to five times its amount of water, and once it has absorbed the water, it is placed in a hot water bath to dissolve and then used. One thing to be careful of when cooking with gelatin is that gelatin melts at 60°C, so it should be dissolved in boiling water of around 70-80°C. There is no need to boil it to dissolve it. Ingredients that can be solidified using gelatin include wine and other Western liquors, curacao, peppermint, fruit juice, milk, and coffee. It can also be made with a combination of Western liquor and fruit, or milk and fruit. By solidifying milk, coffee, fruit, and fruit juice separately and then mixing them in a mold, beautiful, marble-like confections with a variety of variations can be made. In cooking, gelatin is used to solidify mild ingredients such as crab, shrimp, white fish, chicken, and eggs, and is used as "gelatin jelly" or "agar jelly." It is also used to make ice cream, which melts easily, by taking advantage of its solidifying properties to keep it fresh for as long as possible. Gelatin is also widely used in consommés, where it is used to make jelly consommés, making soups with a smooth texture. [Fumiko Kobayashi] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ゼラチンや寒天の凝固性を利用してつくった冷菓、冷製料理の総称。透明な美しさをもっているので、菓子や料理の表面にかけて光沢を出し、さらにそれらを美化する。ゼリーの原料は植物性と動物性の2種類があり、植物性では、果実に含まれているペクチンの凝固性が果物類を煮るときの凝固性を助ける。動物性では、動物の骨、皮、腱(けん)などの結締組織を原料とするもので、ゼリー料理の主役をなしている。 種類としては、固形状のものと粉末状のものがある。固形状のものはそのまま水に浸して、水を吸収させて使用する。粉末状のものは、その量の3倍から5倍の水を加えて、水を吸収したところでそのまま湯煎(ゆせん)にし、溶かして使用する。調理の際注意を要する点は、ゼラチンは60℃で溶ける性質をもっているので、70~80℃くらいの熱湯で溶かす。煮立てて溶かす必要はない。 ゼラチンを用いて固める材料は、ワインなどの洋酒類、キュラソー、ペパーミント、果汁、果実、牛乳、コーヒーなど。また洋酒と果実、牛乳と果実の組合せでつくることもある。牛乳、コーヒー、果実、果汁などを別々に凝固させ、それらを型に互いに入れ混ぜると、マーブルのように美しい変化に富んだ菓子ができる。料理の場合は、カニ、エビ、白身の魚、鶏肉、卵など淡泊な材料をゼラチンで固め、「ゼラチン寄せ」「寒天寄せ」として利用される。溶けやすいアイスクリームなどにも凝固性を利用して、少しでも長く保つために使用される。コンソメなどにもゼラチンを入れ、滑らかなゼラチンでスープの舌ざわりをよくするゼリーコンソメとして利用されるなど、利用度は高い。 [小林文子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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