Tan Sitong

A Chinese thinker in the late Qing dynasty. His pen name was Fusheng and his pen name was Zhuangfei. Born into a family of high-ranking government officials in Liuyang, Hunan, he came into contact with the secret society of the Great Sword Society at a young age and studied martial arts under the chivalrous Wang Zhengyi (1844-1900). Ideologically, he was devoted to Mozi and was also strongly influenced by the works of Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi, who were in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. During the Reform Movement, he was an active central figure in Hunan, but he also developed a more radical theory of reform than Kang Youwei, and in some ways came very close to revolutionism. His main work, "Jingaku" (1896), attempted to revive the Confucian way in a way appropriate to the times by using "Mozi", Buddhism, Western science, and political thought, and was practical in its approach, calling for the overthrow of all forms of oppression and inequality through action, and for the high development of social productivity through free competition. When the reform movement failed in the Bohju coup d'état and Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others went into exile, Kang refused to flee and instead was executed, which is thought to be related to the practical nature of his ideas.

[Akio Ito March 18, 2016]

"Original Chinese Modern Intellectual History 2" edited by Nishi Junzo (1977, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Research on the Modern Chinese Intellectual History" by Kondo Kuniyasu (1981, Keiso Shobo) ▽ "Modern China and Confucianism" by Takada Jun (Kinokuniya Shinsho)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)末の思想家。字(あざな)は復生、号は壮飛。湖南省瀏陽(りゅうよう)の高級官僚の家に生まれ、若くして秘密結社大刀会と接触し、任侠(にんきょう)王正誼(せいぎ)（1844―1900）に武術を習った。思想的には『墨子(ぼくし)』に傾倒し、明(みん)末清初の黄宗羲(こうそうぎ)、王夫之(おうふうし)の著作からも強い影響を受けた。変法運動に際しては、湖南省における運動の中心人物として精力的に活動する一方、康有為(こうゆうい)よりいっそう急進的な変法論を展開し、ある意味では革命主義に著しく接近している。主著『仁学(じんがく)』（1896）は、『墨子』、仏教および西洋の科学、政治思想などによって、儒教の道を時代にふさわしくよみがえらせようとしたもので、行動によってあらゆる抑圧、不平等を打破し、自由競争によって社会的生産力を高度に発展させようとする実践性を備えていた。戊戌(ぼじゅつ)政変クーデターで変法運動が失敗し、康有為、梁啓超(りょうけいちょう)らが亡命したとき、彼が逃亡を拒否して進んで処刑されたのは、そのような思想の実践性と関係があると考えられる。

［伊東昭雄　2016年3月18日］

『西順蔵編『原典中国近代思想史2』（1977・岩波書店）』▽『近藤邦康著『中国近代思想史研究』（1981・勁草書房）』▽『高田淳著『中国の近代と儒教』（紀伊國屋新書）』

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