Restoration of Shinto - Fukkoshinto

Japanese: 復古神道 - ふっこしんとう
Restoration of Shinto - Fukkoshinto

A school of Shinto advocated by early modern scholars of Japanese classics. It is rarely called Kokugaku Shinto, but is often called Restoration Shinto, because it emphasizes that the ancient ways of our country are the original and pure ways of the gods, and that we should return to the ancient times before the introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism. It arose after the Confucian theories of Shinto were formed by Hayashi Razan and Yamazaki Ansai, and it was accompanied by criticism of these. It was established by Kada Azumaro and Kamo Mabuchi, and then by Motoori Norinaga, who succeeded them. Norinaga criticized the Chinese mindset of many Confucian scholars who interpreted the Jindai chapter of the Nihon Shoki and established the Shinto theory based on the five virtues and the theory of yin and yang, but respected the Tale of Genji, Manyoshu, the Kojiki, and especially the Kojiki, and based on these classics he inductively derived the true meaning of ancient words, ancient things, and ancient meanings, and emphasized the significance and aspects of the way of the gods found therein. In other words, restored Shinto was a pure Shinto that excluded Buddhism and Confucianism, as opposed to the Shinto-Buddhist syncretism of the Middle Ages and the Shinto-Confucian syncretism of the early modern period. It states that among the eight million gods, Amaterasu Omikami is the central figure, and that the Emperor, her descendant by divine decree, is the central figure of all life, and that both will continue to exist and prosper forever, and that this is the way of the gods, and that the way of man also begins with recognizing and respecting this. In this respect, academic research and faith are inseparably united. His successors included Hirata Atsutane, Ban Nobutomo, Tachibana Moribe, Okuni Takamasa, Suzuki Shigetane, and other scholars of Japanese classics with deep learning and faith, who had a great influence on people from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji Restoration. All of the above people have their own collected works, and some have been reprinted.

[Haruo Ogasawara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

近世国学者の唱えた神道の一流派。国学神道とはほとんどいわず多く復古神道というのは、古代のわが国の道こそ本来の純粋な神の道であるとし、儒教や仏教などの渡来以前の古代に復帰することを強調するからである。時期的には林羅山(らざん)や山崎闇斎(あんさい)らの儒家の神道説が形成をみたあとであり、これらへの批判を伴っておこってきた。荷田春満(かだあずままろ)、賀茂真淵(かもまぶち)を経て、これを継いで登場する本居宣長(もとおりのりなが)に至り確立された。宣長は、儒家が多く五倫五常(ごりんごじょう)や陰陽(いんよう)五行説を基として、『日本書紀』神代(じんだい)巻を解釈し神道説をたてることを漢心(からごころ)であると批判、『源氏物語』『万葉集』、記紀、とくに『古事記』を尊重し、これらわが古典に拠(よ)って古語、古事、古意の真意を帰納的に導き出し、そこにみいだされた神の道の意義と様相を強調した。すなわち復古神道とは、中世の神仏習合、近世の神儒習合に対し、仏儒思想を排除した純粋な神道ということになる。その内容は、八百万(やおよろず)の神々のなかで天照大御神(あまてらすおおみかみ)を中心に仰ぎ、その神勅(しんちょく)による子孫たる天皇を蒼生(そうせい)(人々)の中心的存在として、両者ともに無窮(むきゅう)に存続し繁栄すること、ここに神の道があり、かつ人の道もこのことを確認し敬仰することから始まるとした。この点、学的研究と信仰とが分かちがたく一体となっている。この後継に平田篤胤(あつたね)、伴信友(ばんのぶとも)、橘守部(たちばなもりべ)、大国隆正(おおくにたかまさ)、鈴木重胤(しげたね)ら深い学識と信仰を備えた国学者が輩出して、幕末から明治維新にかけて人々に大きな影響を与えた。以上の人々にはすべて個人の全集があり、復刊もある。

[小笠原春夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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