Zhanjiang - Tankou

Zhanjiang is a port city located in the southwest of Guangdong Province, China, facing Zhanjiang Bay (formerly Guangzhou Bay) on the east coast of the Leizhou Peninsula. It is a prefecture-level city, with jurisdiction over four city districts and two counties, and acting as the jurisdiction of three county-level cities (as of 2016). It has a population of 7,851,700 (2012). It was occupied by France in 1898, and leased to China in 1899, calling it Guangzhou Bay and making it an open port. It was occupied by Japan in 1943, but was returned to China after Japan's defeat in the war, and Zhanjiang City was established there. After its return, it was connected to Maoming, an oil shale producing area, and Litang in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region by the Li-Zhan Line, and became the largest port city in the western part of the province.

The port faces Zhanjiang Bay, and the islands of Nansan Island and Donghai Island form a natural breakwater at the mouth of the bay, allowing ships of up to 30,000 tons to dock. Main exports include seafood, furniture, apparel, and miscellaneous goods. Industries such as steel, paper, and petrochemicals are located within the city. In the suburbs, there are scenic places and historical sites such as Shanglin Temple, which was the base of the anti-French struggle when France occupied the area, and Huguangyan, a crater lake. In 1984, China became one of 14 coastal cities that opened up to the outside world, and an economic and technological development zone was established in a joint venture with foreign capital.

[Chieko Aoki, Michihiro Kono, and editorial staff, January 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、広東(カントン)省南西部、雷州(らいしゅう)半島東岸の湛江湾（旧、広州湾）に臨む港湾都市。地級市であり、4市轄区、2県を管轄し、3県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口785万1700（2012）。1898年フランスが占領、翌1899年に租借地とし、広州湾とよび開港場とした。1943年日本に占領されたが、日本の敗戦後返還され湛江市が置かれた。返還後、オイルシェール産地の茂名(もめい)、広西(こうせい)チワン族自治区の黎塘(れいとう)と黎湛線で結ばれ、省西部最大の港湾都市となった。

　湛江湾に面する港は湾口に南三(なんさん)島、東海島などの島々が天然の防波堤をなし、3万トン級の船舶が接岸できる。おもな輸出品には水産物、家具、アパレル、雑貨がある。市内には製鉄、製紙、石油化学などの工業が立地。郊外には、フランスが同地を占領した際、抗仏闘争の拠点となった上林寺、火口湖の湖光岩などの名勝・旧跡がある。1984年沿海対外開放14都市の一つとなり、外資との合弁により経済技術開発区が設けられた。

［青木千枝子・河野通博・編集部　2017年1月19日］

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