Well - Kosei

Japanese: 坑井 - こうせい
Well - Kosei
(1) chute; winze Generally, a small vertical shaft is dug into the host rock or ore body to allow the ore to fall naturally by gravity. In addition to transporting ore, it is used for transporting materials and filler waste (valueless host rock or ore that is discarded after mining), for workers to walk, for ventilation, and sometimes for ore exploration. Generally, it is built to connect the main horizontal tunnels, and the horizontal spacing varies depending on the shape of the ore body, the mining method, and the scale of production, but in Japanese mines it is 10 to 60 meters. (2) well A small-diameter hole drilled almost vertically for the purpose of exploring for and extracting oil and other underground resources and underground geological structures. Exploration wells include structural test wells to investigate underground geological structures, stratigraphic test wells to investigate geological stratigraphy, and exploratory wells to investigate mineral resource reserves. All of these wells are filled with cement and abandoned after the investigation is completed. In contrast, wells whose direct purpose is to extract oil or groundwater are equipped with the necessary equipment to maintain them as production wells for a long period of time. There are also observation wells for long-term investigation of underground conditions, and wells for gas injection or water injection as a secondary method of oil recovery.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
(1) chute; winze 一般に,採掘した鉱石を重力を利用して自然落下で運搬するために,母岩あるいは鉱体中に設けられる小竪坑をいう。鉱石運搬のほか,資材や充填用のずり (採掘後捨てられる価値のない母岩や鉱石) の搬入,作業員の通行,通気などの目的に用いられ,またその掘削にあたっては鉱石の探査の目的を兼ねる場合もある。一般に主要水平坑道を連結するように設けられ,その水平方向の間隔は鉱体の形,採鉱法,出鉱規模などによって異なるが,日本の鉱山の場合 10~60mである。 (2) well 石油その他の地下資源および地下の地質的構造の探査や採取を目的として,ほぼ鉛直方向に掘削された小口径の穴。探査を目的とする坑井には,地下の地質的構造を調査する構造試錐井や地質層序を調査する層序試錐井のほか,鉱物資源の賦存状況を調査する試掘井などがあるが,いずれも調査が終了するとセメントで埋立てて廃坑とする。これに対し石油や地下水などを採取することを直接の目的とする坑井は,生産井として長期間維持するために必要な設備が坑井に取付けられている。そのほかに地下の状況を長期にわたって調査するための観測井や,石油の2次回収法としてのガス圧入井や水圧入井などの坑井もある。

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