Duan Qi-rui (English name)

Japanese: 段祺瑞 - だんきずい（英語表記）Duan Qi-rui

[Birth] Tongzhi 4 (1865).3.6. Anhui, Hefei
Died November 2, 1936. Chinese warlord in Shanghai. One of the Beiyang warlords and leader of the Anhui faction. In the late Qing Dynasty, he served under Yuan Shikai, and after the establishment of the Republic of China, he became Chief of the Army. In 1915, he resigned in opposition to Yuan's imperialist movement, and after Yuan's death in 1916, he formed a cabinet and took control of the Beijing government, promoting a policy of armed unification of the country. In 1917, he strengthened his ties with Japan, obtaining a huge loan (the Nishihara Loan), and with Japan's military and financial assistance, he trained three divisions of the army that participated in the war. In May 1918, he concluded the Japan-China Joint Military Agreement for Anti-Enemy Action, and came to depend heavily on the Japanese government and military to maintain his own power. After World War I, as the power of the Zhili faction rose, anti-Dutch, anti-Japanese sentiment among students and the general public grew stronger, and he was defeated by the Zhili faction in the Easy War of 1920 and temporarily retired to Tianjin. After the Second Fengtian War in 1924, he was recommended by the Fengtian faction (Zhang Zuolin) and the National Army (Feng Yuxiang) to become provisional regent. In March 1926, he opened fire on a group of students and people petitioning, causing many casualties (the March 18 Incident), and in the same year, he resigned from office due to the War of Patriotism. He moved from Dalian to Tianjin and Nanjing, and died in Shanghai.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]同治4(1865).3.6. 安徽，合肥
[没]1936.11.2. 上海
中国の軍閥。北洋軍閥の一人で安徽派の領袖。清末，袁世凱の部下となり，中華民国成立後は陸軍総長に就任。 1915年袁の帝制運動に反対して下野し，16年袁の死後内閣を組織して北京政府の実権を握り，国内の武力統一政策を推進。 17年日本の寺内正毅内閣の援段政策を機に日本との結びつきを強め，巨額の借款を獲得し (西原借款) ，日本の軍事的財政的援助により参戦軍3個師団を養成。 18年5月日中共同防敵軍事協定を締結するなど，自己の政権保持のため日本の政府，軍部に大きく依存するにいたった。第1次世界大戦後，直隷派の勢力が台頭するなかで学生や民衆の反段反日の風潮が強まり，20年の安直戦争で直隷派に敗れ，天津に一時引退した。 24年第2次奉直戦争後，奉天派 (張作霖) と国民軍 (馮玉祥) に推されて臨時執政に就任。 26年3月学生，民衆の請願団に発砲して多数の死傷者を出し (三・一八事件) ，同年奉国戦争により下野し，大連から天津，南京へと移り，上海で死去。

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