A system of units consisting of a small number of appropriate base units and derived units constructed from the base units using physical relations. There are various unit systems depending on the choice of base units. In physics, the metric-based system of units, namely the CGS system of units and the MKS system of units for mechanical quantities, and the electrostatic system of units, electromagnetic system of units, Gaussian system of units, and MKSA system of units, which are extensions of these to electromagnetic quantities, are mainly used. However, the International System of Units (SI) is the mainstream of unit systems, which includes almost all physical quantities by adding base units for temperature, amount of substance, and luminosity to the MKSA system of units. As a special system of units, the atomic system of units, which uses fundamental physical constants as base units, is used in atomic physics, and the natural system of units is used in nuclear physics and particle physics. The above system of units is called absolute system of units (→ absolute units) because it is derived from an absolute and unchanging standard. In contrast, the gravitational system of units fluctuates depending on the strength of gravity in the place where it is used. The fluctuation is small, and this system of units is widely used in engineering and technology. In addition, in countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, various units based on the imperial system are also used. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
少数の適当な基本単位と,物理関係式を用いて基本単位から組み立てられた組立単位とで構成された単位の体系。基本単位の選び方に応じて種々の単位系がある。物理学ではメートル法に基づいた単位系,すなわち力学量に対する CGS単位系,MKS単位系,これらを電磁気量にまで拡張した静電単位系,電磁単位系,ガウス単位系,MKSA単位系がおもに用いられたが,MKSA単位系に温度,物質量,光度の基本単位を加えて,ほとんどすべての物理量の単位を包括したのが国際単位系 SIであり,単位系の主流となっている。特殊な単位系としては,基礎物理定数を基本単位に選んだ原子単位系が原子物理学で,自然単位系が原子核物理学や素粒子物理学で用いられることがある。以上の単位系は絶対不変な基準から導き出されているので絶対単位系(→絶対単位)と呼ばれる。これに対し,重力単位系は用いられる場所の重力の強さによって変動する。変動はわずかであり,この単位系は工学・技術関係で広く用いられている。またイギリスやアメリカ合衆国などでは,ヤード・ポンド法に基づいた種々の単位系も用いられている。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
<<: Parthenogenesis - Parthenogenesis
A general term for crustaceans belonging to the or...
...However, their activities, which seemed to be ...
Kabuki dance. Nagauta. Original title: Namimakura...
954-1021 A warrior in the mid-Heian period. Born ...
The greatest Italian poet. With his immortal clas...
…【Hoshikawa Kiyochika】. … *Some of the terminolog...
...Also, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia umbellat...
...A type of dust collection method in which dust...
… [Hideo Minato] [jewelry] Zircon has a high refr...
…It means "a screen for holding icons" ...
…It is unclear when pitfalls were invented, but t...
Postal offices are established under the Law Conc...
...A soil science term. The remains of plants, an...
〘Noun〙① A stone mill used to grind tea leaves to m...
…On the other hand, the “Essays on the History of...