Yakuza movie - Yakuza movie

Japanese: やくざ映画 - やくざえいが
Yakuza movie - Yakuza movie
It is a general term for films with a yakuza as the main character, but it was not until the 1960s that it came to be considered a genre comparable to period dramas. Toei, which had flourished as the "kingdom of period dramas," changed course to modern action films when its momentum began to wane in the 1960s, and in 1963, three "modern yakuza dramas" (Toei president Okawa Hiroshi even used the expression "yakuza films" in a speech at the time), "Jinsei Gekijo: Hishakaku" (Theater of Life: Hishakaku) (directed by Sawashima Tadashi), "Boryokugai" (Directed by Kobayashi Tsuneo), and "Showa Kyoukyakuden" (Directed by Ishii Teruo), were well received, leading to the launch of the "Toei Ninkyo Film Line" (later, in the 1970s, this became the "real-life line" along with the "Battles Without Honor and Humanity" series), which attracted large audiences as the mainstream of program pictures replacing period dramas, creating a major boom.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
やくざを主人公にした映画の総称であるが,これが〈時代劇に匹敵する〉ジャンルとみなされるようになったのは1960年代に入ってからのことである。すなわち,〈時代劇の王国〉として栄えてきた東映が,60年代に入って勢いが衰えてきたときに,その路線を現代活劇に転換し,63年の《人生劇場・飛車角》(沢島忠監督)と《暴力街》(小林恒夫監督)と《昭和俠客伝》(石井輝男監督)という3本の〈現代ヤクザ劇〉(東映の大川博社長は当時の談話で〈ヤクザもの〉という表現も使っている)の好評をきっかけに,〈東映任俠映画路線〉を打ち出し(のち70年代に入ってからは《仁義なき戦い》シリーズとともに〈実録路線〉となる),時代劇に代わるプログラム・ピクチャーの主流として多数の観客を動員し,一大ブームになってからのことであった。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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