Taranosho - Taranosho

A medieval manor located in the area of ​​Tara-sho in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture. The area is surrounded by mountains on three sides, north, east, and west, and can be considered a valley centered around the Tara River, but within the manor there are small valleys such as Tara and Narutaki, and settlements at the foot of the mountains. Tara-sho was established as Taraho in the mid-12th century. The outline of the succession relationship is that the private land handed down by Niu Jiro Takakiyo was developed by Nagata Taro Tadamasa and others, and then passed to Taira Tsunemori, the feudal lord of Wakasa Province, and became the property of Fujiwara Sanemune, and then in 1221 (Jokyu 3), it became the property of Kankijuin, and at the latest in the same year, it became Tara-sho, and in 1240 (Ninji 1), it was donated to Toji Temple. In 1302 (Kengen 1), it became the territory of the Hojo Tokuso Miuchi, but during the Kenmu Restoration it was once again the domain of the Toji Temple. According to the 1254 (Kencho 6) inspection ledger, the total land area was 28 cho 1 tan 314 bu (of which 18 cho 7 tan 244 bu were fixed land), and the total rice tax was 186 koku 6 to 9 sho 2 go 5 sai. It is thought that there were more than 10 cho of farmland. Tara Manor was divided into myo and isshikiden, which was the direct territory of the feudal lord, and was organized under the so-called honmyo system (also known as the old name system, where the manor was divided into peasant names and isshikiden as a system for collecting tax and official affairs). What is unique is that the five peasant fields were standardized to 2 cho 2 tan in size, with equal fields. The Isshiki fields other than the one named were divided among 29 people during the Kencho era (1249-56). A famous petition was submitted to Toji Temple on August 21, 1334 (Kenmu 1) by 59 peasants of Taranosho, complaining about the illegal activities of the local lord and magistrate Wakibukuro Hikotaro. According to the petition, there was a conflict between the magistrate who imposed new tax revenues and the farmers who wanted to follow precedent, and it is clear that the peasants' solidarity was progressing.

[Kuramochi Shigehiro]

"The Aspects of Medieval Manors" by Amino Yoshihiko (1966, Hanawa Shobo)" ▽ "Medieval Toji Temple and Toji Temple Estates" by Amino Yoshihiko (1978, University of Tokyo Press)" ▽ "A Study of Medieval Japanese Feudalism" by Kuroda Toshio (1974, University of Tokyo Press)" ▽ "A Study of Medieval Japanese Rural History" by Oyama Kyohei (1978, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

福井県小浜(おばま)市太良荘の地域にあった中世荘園。北、東、西の三方を山に囲まれた地で、太良河を中心にした谷田と考えることができるが、荘内には太良、鳴滝(なるたき)などの小谷があり山裾(やますそ)に集落がある。太良荘は12世紀なかばには太良保(ほう)として成立していた。伝領関係の概略は、丹生二郎隆清(にうじろうたかきよ)から譲られた私領が永田太郎忠政らによって開発され、その後、若狭(わかさ)国知行(ちぎょう)国主平経盛(つねもり)を経て藤原実宗(さねむね)の所領となり、さらに1221年（承久3）歓喜寿院(かんきじゅいん)領となり、おそくとも同年には太良荘となって、1240年（仁治1）東寺(とうじ)に寄進された。1302年（乾元1）には北条得宗御内(ほうじょうとくそうみうち)領となるが、建武(けんむ)新政においてふたたび東寺一円領となった。1254年（建長6）の実検取帳(じっけんとりちょう)によると、惣田(そうでん)数28町1反314歩（そのうち定田(じょうでん)18町7反244歩）で、年貢米総計186石6斗9升2合5才である。畠地は十数町あったと思われる。太良荘は名(みょう)と領主の直属地である一色田(いっしきでん)とに分かれて編成されており、いわゆる本名(ほんみょう)体制（旧名体制ともいい、年貢・公事の収納体制として荘内を百姓名と一色田とに分けて編成すること）をとっていた。特徴的なことは、五つの百姓名の名田が2町2反で均一化された均等名編成になっていることである。名以外の一色田は建長(けんちょう)年間（1249～56）で29人に分割されている。1334年（建武1）8月21日太良荘の百姓59名が連署して、地頭代官脇袋彦太郎(わきぶくろひこたろう)の非法を東寺に訴えた申状(もうしじょう)は有名である。それによると、新儀の夫役(ぶやく)を賦課する代官と先例を守れとする農民との間に対立があり、百姓らの結合が進展していることがわかる。

［蔵持重裕］

『網野善彦著『中世荘園の様相』（1966・塙書房）』▽『網野善彦著『中世東寺と東寺領荘園』（1978・東京大学出版会）』▽『黒田俊雄著『日本中世封建制論』（1974・東京大学出版会）』▽『大山喬平著『日本中世農村史の研究』（1978・岩波書店）』

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