These are bonds issued to finance public works projects, etc., and are contrasted with deficit bonds or special bonds issued to make up for shortfalls in general account revenues. Article 4 of Japan's Financial Law states that "national expenditures must be financed by revenues other than bonds or loans," and follows the principle of balanced budgeting. However, Article 4 continues, "However, public works expenditures, capital contributions, and loans may be financed by issuing bonds or borrowing within the limits of the amount approved by the Diet," and only construction bonds are permitted (the principle of construction bonds). The reason for permitting the issuance of bonds for these three items is that constructive expenditures remain as national assets into the future, and future generations can also benefit from this public investment, so it is desirable in terms of the relationship between the benefits and burdens of public investment between generations. Construction bonds have been issued every year since 730 billion yen was issued in fiscal 1966 (Showa 41), and in fiscal 1984, nearly nine times the amount, approximately 6.2 trillion yen, was issued, with the balance reaching approximately 70 trillion yen. [Tsuguo Fujino] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
公共事業などの財源のために発行される公債であり、一般会計の歳入不足を補うために発行される赤字公債ないし特例公債と対比される。わが国の財政法第4条では、「国の歳出は、公債又は借入金以外の歳入を以(もっ)て、その財源としなければならない」として、均衡予算主義の原則がとられているが、同第4条では続けて「但(ただ)し、公共事業費、出資金及び貸付金の財源については、国会の議決を経た金額の範囲内で、公債を発行し又は借入金をなすことができる」と規定して、建設公債のみ発行を認めている(建設公債の原則)。これら3項目について公債発行を認めているのは、建設的支出は国民の資産として将来に残り、また将来世代もこの公共投資から便益を受けることができるので、世代間における公共投資の利益享受と負担の関係からみても望ましいという考え方に依存しているためである。建設国債は、1966年度(昭和41)に7300億円発行されて以来、毎年度発行されるようになり、84年度にはその9倍に近い約6兆2000億円が発行され、残高は約70兆円にも上っている。 [藤野次雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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