Rokusaiichi - Rokusaiichi

A regular market that was held six times a month in the Middle Ages and early modern times. It is thought that the name Rokusai Market comes from the fact that the markets were originally held in connection with Buddhist events, but later they came to be held based on the development of the exchange economy and the city promotion policies of the Sengoku lords. The market was held six times a month on combinations such as the 1st and 6th, 2nd and 7th, and 3rd and 8th. According to historical records, early examples include the Rokusai Market in Hitachi Province's Kokufu (Ishioka City, Ibaraki Prefecture), which is estimated to have been held in the early period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Paper Market in Oyada, Mino Province (Mino City, Gifu Prefecture) during the Onin and Bunmei eras (1467-1487) of the Muromachi period, and the Market in Ujigo, Yamashiro Province (Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, many Rokusai Markets were opened and protected for the purpose of building castle towns and Shinjuku for various feudal lords, and promoting cities and towns. During the Edo period, Rokusai Markets in the Kinai and Saigoku regions declined as their exchange functions were taken over by local castle towns and rural towns, but some continue to exist as centers of rural commerce in the Eastern region.

[Ginya Sasaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中世・近世において月のうち6回開かれた定期市。六斎市の呼称は当初仏教関係行事と関連して市が開かれたことに由来するものと考えられるが、のちには交換経済の発達、戦国大名の市振興政策などに基づいて開かれるようになった。市開催日は、1と6、2と7、3と8といった組合せで、月に6回開かれた。史料上では南北朝初期と推定される常陸(ひたち)国国府(こくふ)（茨城県石岡市）六斎市、室町時代の応仁(おうにん)・文明(ぶんめい)年間（1467～87）の美濃(みの)国大屋田(おおやだ)（岐阜県美濃市）の紙市(かみいち)、山城(やましろ)国宇治郷(うじごう)（京都府宇治市）市が早い例で、戦国時代には諸大名の城下町や新宿(しんじゅく)の建設、市町(いちまち)振興などの目的で、多くの六斎市が開かれ、保護された。江戸時代には畿内(きない)・西国地方では地方城下町や在郷(ざいごう)町に交換機能を奪われて衰退したが、東国地方では農村商業の中心として存続したものもみられる。

［佐々木銀弥］

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