Onion (Onion/Leek head) - Onion (English spelling)

Japanese: タマネギ(玉葱∥葱頭) - タマネギ（英語表記）onion

A biennial plant of the lily family (illustration). The bulbs are about 10 cm in diameter (illustration), and can be oblate, spherical or elliptical, with a grayish-white, copper-yellow or purple-pink outer skin. The roots grow like whiskers at the base of the bulb, and extend shallowly into the soil. The leaves are dark green and cylindrical, with thickened scales at the base that overlap to form the bulb. When exposed to low temperatures, flower buds form, and in early spring cylindrical flower stalks grow, which bolt and bear spherical inflorescences at the top. Bulb formation is affected by temperature and day length, and bulbs form well at temperatures of 15.5-21°C and day length of 11.5-16 hours.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ユリ科の二年草（イラスト）。鱗茎は直径10cm内外で（イラスト），扁球形，球形または楕円形などがあり，外皮は灰白色，銅黄色または紫紅色など。根は鱗茎の底部にひげ状について，浅く土中に伸びる。葉は濃緑色の円筒形で，基部は肥厚した鱗片となり，これが重なり合って鱗茎を形成する。低温にあうと花芽を形成して，春先に円筒状の花茎を伸ばし，とう立ちして頂部に球形の花序をつける。鱗茎の形成は温度と日長とに影響され，温度は15.5～21℃，日長は11.5～16時間でよく結球する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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