Dow Jones Industrial Average

Japanese: ダウ式平均株価 - だうしきへいきんかぶか
Dow Jones Industrial Average

A stock price index. Simple average stock prices have drawbacks, such as the appearance of stock price fluctuations specific to stocks, such as a sudden drop in stock prices due to ex-rights on new shares issued through capital increases. The Dow Jones Industrial Average was devised to correct these drawbacks and show the long-term continuity of prices. It is so named because it is based on the Dow adjustment method used by Dow Jones, publisher of the American newspaper The Wall Street Journal, to calculate several stock price averages, including the 30-stock average. While simple average stock prices are calculated by dividing the total stock prices by the number of stocks, the Dow Jones Industrial Average X is unique in that it is calculated by dividing the total stock prices by a separately calculated constant divisor. The formula is:

The constant divisor is calculated using the following formula:


In Japan, where capital increases are common through par value issuance, the Dow Jones Industrial Average tends to be higher than the simple average, and becomes detached from actual stock price levels over time. For this reason, the Tokyo Stock Exchange initially announced the old Dow (old Tokyo Stock Exchange Adjusted Stock Price Index) based on May 16, 1949 (Showa 24), but decided to announce the new Dow Jones Industrial Average based on January 5, 1959 in parallel. It then began announcing the Tokyo Stock Price Index based on January 4, 1968, and in 1971 both the old and new Dows were abolished.

The old Dow was taken over by the then Nippon Shortwave Broadcasting Corporation (NSB, now Nikkei Radio Corporation), which announced it under the name of the NSB 225 Adjusted Average, and from 1975 the Nihon Keizai Shimbun Inc. announced it as the Nikkei Dow Jones Industrial Average, and from 1985 it was renamed the Nikkei Stock Average (Nikkei Average).

[Atsushi Oketa]

[Reference item] | Stock price index | Tokyo Stock Price Index | Nikkei Stock Average | Average stock price

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

株価指標の一つ。単純平均株価には株式に特有な株価変動、たとえば増資新株の権利落ちなどによる株価の急落が現れるなどの欠点がある。これらの欠点を修正し、価格の長期的な連続性を表示するために考案されたものがダウ式平均株価である。アメリカの『ウォール・ストリート・ジャーナル』を発行するダウ・ジョーンズ社が、工業株30種平均をはじめ、数種の株価平均を算出するのに用いているダウ式修正法の算式によっていることからこの名がある。単純平均株価が株価合計を銘柄数で割って求められるのに対し、ダウ式平均株価Xは、株価合計を別途に計算された恒常除数で割って求めるところに特色がある。その算式は

恒常除数は、次の算式から求められる。


 額面発行による増資の多い日本の場合、ダウ式平均株価は単純平均株価より高くなる傾向があり、時の経過とともに現実の株価水準と遊離していく。そのため、東京証券取引所では、初め1949年(昭和24)5月16日を基準とする旧ダウ(旧東証修正平均株価指数)を発表していたが、1959年1月5日を基準とする新ダウ式平均株価を並行して発表することになった。その後1968年1月4日を基準とする東証株価指数を発表するようになって、1971年に新・旧ダウとも廃止となった。

 旧ダウについては当時の日本短波放送(NSB。現日経ラジオ社)が受け継いで、NSB225種修正平均の呼び名で発表、1975年からは日本経済新聞社が日経ダウ平均株価として発表、1985年からは日経平均株価(日経平均)と改称している。

[桶田 篤]

[参照項目] | 株価指数 | 東証株価指数 | 日経平均株価 | 平均株価

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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