Solar time - Taiyoji

Japanese: 太陽時 - たいようじ
Solar time - Taiyoji

A time system measured by the solar hour angle. Add 12 hours to this to get local solar time. There are two types of solar time: apparent solar time and mean solar time. Apparent solar time is the hour angle of the apparent sun, which is affected by aberration, plus 12 hours. Because the Earth's orbit is an ellipse, the sun does not move at a uniform speed along the ecliptic. Even if the sun moves at a uniform speed along the ecliptic, the speed of its movement projected onto the equator is not uniform, because the hour angle is measured based on the equatorial coordinate system. For these two reasons, apparent solar time is not a uniform time system. A virtual sun that removes these two inequalities and moves at a uniform speed along the equator is called the mean sun. Mean solar time is the hour angle of the mean sun plus 12 hours. The equation of time is the difference between apparent solar time and mean solar time. The mean solar time at Greenwich is called universal time. Local mean solar time differs from universal time by the longitude of the location.

[Toshio Watanabe]

[Reference] | Equation of time | Time

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽の時角をもって測る時系。これに12時を加えて地方太陽時とする。太陽時には視太陽時と平均太陽時の2種がある。光行差の影響を受けた視太陽の時角に12時を加えたものが視太陽時である。地球の公転軌道は楕円(だえん)のため太陽は黄道(こうどう)上を一様の速さでは運行しない。太陽が黄道上を一様な速さで運行したとしても、時角は赤道座標系に基づいて測るから、赤道に投影した運行の速さは一様でない。この二つの理由で視太陽時は一様な時系ではない。この二つの不等を取り除いて赤道上を一様な速さで運行する仮想の太陽を平均太陽という。平均太陽の時角に12時を加えたものが平均太陽時である。視太陽時から平均太陽時を減じたものが均時差である。グリニジの平均太陽時を世界時という。地方平均太陽時はその地の経度分だけ世界時と違う。

[渡辺敏夫]

[参照項目] | 均時差 |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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