Alföld (English spelling) Alfold

Japanese: Alföld(英語表記)Alfold
Alföld (English spelling) Alfold


[Nature]
Surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains, Hungary lies in the Hungarian Basin, which spreads across the Danube and its tributary, the Tisza. Most of the country is plain, but there are some changes on the border of the Danube. East of the Danube is a large plain called the Alföld, most of which was marshland until the late 19th century, but as flood control progressed it turned into water-scarce sandy grassland (pusza), and after World War II it was irrigated on a large scale and cultivated. The area west of the Danube, except for the Little Alföld in the north, is a gently undulating plateau, and between them lies Lake Balaton, the largest lake in Central Europe, which stretches from east to west.

From [Pusta]

...Generally, it means "desolate," "abandoned," "uninhabited," or "simple," but as an academic term it is used in two ways. (1) In terms of natural geography, it can mean grassland or barren land with a warm climate, little rainfall, and no trees, or it can mean the driest sandy grassland in the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld) east of the Danube River. The latter is represented by the regions of Hortobágy and Bugac.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Alföld" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【自然】
カルパチ(カルパティア)山脈に囲まれ,ドナウ川本流とその支流ティサ川の流域に広がるハンガリー盆地にあり,国土の大部分は平野であるが,ドナウ川を境に多少の変化がある。ドナウ川の東はアルフェルドAlföldと呼ばれる大平原で,その大部分は19世紀後半までは湿地帯だったが,治水が進むと逆に水の乏しい砂質の草地(プスタ)となり,第2次大戦後は大規模に灌漑され耕地化されている。ドナウ川以西は,北部の小アルフェルドを除けば,緩やかな起伏の台地であり,その間に東西に長く,中欧最大の湖バラトン湖がある。…

【プスタ】より

…一般には,〈荒れはてた〉〈見すてられた〉〈無人の〉〈たんなる〉という意味をもつ語であるが,学術用語としては次の二つの意味に用いられる。(1)自然地理的には,一般に温暖で降雨が少なく木のない草地や荒地を意味する場合と,特殊的に,ドナウ川以東のハンガリー大平原(アルフェルドAlföld)の中の最も乾燥した砂質の草地を意味する場合がある。後者は,ホルトバージやブガツなどの地方に代表される。…

※「Alföld」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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