When an animal moves, it is called a solar compass or light compass when it shows the ability to orient itself based on the apparent position of the sun, because the sun acts as a compass to tell it the direction of movement. This is a type of menotaxis, where the animal orients itself by always maintaining a constant angle to the source of the stimulus (the sun). When birds migrate or homing pigeons return from long distances to their nests, they fly while maintaining a certain angle relative to the highest point of the sun's orbit (the noon position), which they know from their sense of time based on their internal clocks and the position of the sun at that time. Nocturnal migratory birds use the position of the sun as seen during the day in combination with their internal clocks to determine the direction of migration. Birds do not use polarized light, but insects orient themselves by detecting polarized light in the sky. Ants returning to their nest walk at a right angle to the sun. When honeybees inform their peers of a feeding site, they remember the angle with the sun when they flew towards the feeding site, and on the vertical plane of the nest, they interpret the direction of gravity as the direction of the sun, and indicate the direction of the straight part of their wagging dance in relation to this as the direction of the feeding site. Fish are also known to use a sun compass to navigate their way around. [Azuma Mikio] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物が移動するとき、見かけの太陽の位置を基準にして定位orientationする能力を示す場合、太陽が移動方向を教えるコンパスの役目を果たしているので、太陽コンパスまたは光羅針盤(ひかりらしんばん)とよぶ。刺激源(太陽)に対してつねに一定の角度を保って定位する保留走性menotaxisの一つである。 鳥の渡りや伝書バトの遠距離からの帰巣の際には、体内時計による時刻の感覚とその時刻の太陽の位置から知った太陽の運行軌道の最高点(正午の位置)に対して、一定の角度を保ちながら飛行する。夜の渡り鳥は、昼間みた太陽の位置から体内時計と組み合わせて渡りの方向を判定する。鳥は偏光を利用しないが、昆虫類では天空の偏光を検知して定位する。巣に帰るアリは太陽と直角の方向をとって歩く。ミツバチが餌場(えさば)を仲間に知らせる場合、餌場に向かって飛んだときの太陽との角度を記憶していて、巣の垂直面では重力の方向を太陽の方向に読み替え、それに対する尻(しり)振りダンスの直線部分の方向を餌場の方向として示す。また、魚類にも太陽コンパスを用いて回遊する航海術が知られている。 [東 幹夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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