Taille (English: taille) French

Japanese: タイユ - たいゆ(英語表記)taille フランス語
Taille (English: taille) French

A direct tax levied by feudal lords from serfs and peasants in France. Sometimes it was collected by the lords themselves for the royal finances, but there were two ways of collecting taxes: personal and property. As the royal power expanded and strengthened, it became a direct royal tax in 1439, and was collected only from commoners, exempting the privileged classes of nobility and clergy. The king decided the total amount of the taille to be distributed to the tax districts (generalités) in the kingdom every year in a council. The taille was then allocated to the small tax districts (elexions) within the tax districts, and to the parishes, which were rural communities. In the 18th century, in order to avoid the assessment method and inequality of the personal taille, the assessment taille was introduced, which determined the amount of tax according to a scheduled tax rate. The taille was abolished by the French Revolution later in the century.

[Yoshio Shigaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスで封建領主が農奴や農民から徴収した直接税。ときには国王財政のため領主によって取り立てられたこともあったが、徴税には対人と対物の二方法があった。王権の拡大強化に伴い、1439年以降国王直接税となり、貴族や聖職者の特権階級を免除して、平民のみから徴収されることになった。国王は、毎年評議会で王国内の各地の徴税区(ジェネラリテ)に配分するタイユの総額を決定した。タイユは、ついで徴税区内の小徴税区(エレクシオン)、そして農村共同体である小教区に割り当てられた。18世紀に入ると、対人タイユの査定法や不平等性を避けるために、予定の税率に従って税額を決定する査定タイユが取り入れられた。タイユは、同世紀後半のフランス革命によって廃止された。

[志垣嘉夫]

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