… At the same time, the criticism of the Gospels raised the philological problem of which Gospel should take priority as a historical source for the study of the life of Jesus, and a wide variety of proposals were made. Eventually, the position that the other three so-called "Synoptic Gospels" should take priority over the Gospel of John, and among the latter, the Gospel of Mark as the oldest, became dominant, and the so-called "two-source hypothesis" was established by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (1832-1910), one of the representatives of liberal theology. The Jesus biography of liberal theology takes the Gospel of Mark as its basic framework, and rearranges the events and words of Jesus reported in the Synoptic Gospels into a biographical context, sometimes using historical fantasy and psychological internal descriptions, and reconstructs the internal development of Jesus' self-consciousness as the "Messiah" as a kind of historical reading. … From [Biblical Studies]…DF Strauss denied the historical truth of the supernatural miracles in the Gospels, Ferdinand Christian Baur (1792-1860) depicted the conflict between legalism and evangelicalism in the early church and argued which of the Pauline epistles was actually written by Paul. Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (1832-1910) perfected the theory of two historical sources (Matthew and Luke used Mark and the Q sayings of Jesus). Johannes Weiss (1863-1914) and A. Schweitzer showed the influence of Jewish apocalyptic literature on Jesus, and Wilhelm Bousset (1865-1920) emphasized the relationship between the New Testament and Hellenistic religions. … *Some of the terminology references "Holtzmann, HJ" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 福音書批判は同時に,イエス伝研究の史料としてどの福音書が優先されるべきかという文献学的問題を呼び起こし,実にさまざまな提案がなされた。やがて《ヨハネによる福音書》よりは他の三つのいわゆる〈共観福音書〉を,後者の中では《マルコによる福音書》を最古のものとして優先する立場が有力となり,自由主義神学の代表者の一人ホルツマンHeinrich Julius Holtzmann(1832‐1910)に至って,いわゆる〈二資料仮説〉が確立された。自由主義神学のイエス伝は《マルコによる福音書》を基本枠として,共観福音書が伝える諸事件とイエスの言葉を,ときには史的空想と心理主義的な内面描写をも用いて伝記的な前後関係へ整理し直し,〈メシア〉たるイエスの自己意識の内的発展を一種の歴史読物として再構成して見せる。… 【聖書学】より…D.F.シュトラウスは福音書の超自然的奇跡の史実性を否定し,バウルFerdinand Christian Baur(1792‐1860)は初代教会における律法主義と福音主義の対立を描き,〈パウロ書簡〉のうちどれが実際パウロによって書かれたかを論じた。ホルツマンHeinrich Julius Holtzmann(1832‐1910)は〈二史料説〉(マタイとルカはマルコとイエス語録Qを利用した)を完成した。ワイスJohannes Weiss(1863‐1914),A.シュワイツァーは,イエスへのユダヤ教黙示文学の影響を示し,ブセット(ブーセ)Wilhelm Bousset(1865‐1920)は新約とヘレニズム諸宗教の関係を強調した。… ※「Holtzmann,H.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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