Italian Socialist Party (English spelling) Partito Socialista Italiano

Japanese: イタリア社会党 - イタリアしゃかいとう(英語表記)Partito Socialista Italiano
Italian Socialist Party (English spelling) Partito Socialista Italiano
An Italian socialist party founded in 1892. It achieved success in parliamentary struggles, but in 1912 it split into the Maximalists, who advocated revolution, and the Reformists. After World War I, the Maximalist leaders plotted a communist revolution, but the party's members were led by the General Confederation and were reformist. In 1921, the Maximalists left the party to form the Communist Party, which was based on Leninism. In 1922, the Reformists also left the Socialist Party to form the Unified Socialist Party. The remaining Socialist Party was dissolved by B. Mussolini in 1926, so many of its members defected to the Unified Socialist Party and survived by operating underground. In 1943, the party was re-established under the name of the Proletarian Unity Socialist Party (later renamed the Socialist Party), but in 1947, the social democratic (right-wing) faction led by G. Salagato split off to form the Social Unity Labor Party (renamed the Social Democratic Party in 1951). The Socialist Party led by P. Nenni briefly signed a unity pact with the Communist Party, but began to turn right in 1956, and in 1963 formed a Moro center-left coalition government with the Christian Democrats. In response, the left-wing of the party, including Benchietti, was dissatisfied with the right-wing turn and left the party to form the Proletarian Unity Socialist Party, but the mainstream right-wing further merged with the Social Democratic Party for the first time in 19 years in 1966, and parted ways with the Communist Party. After the defeat in the general election in May 1968, the conflict between the left and right factions intensified, and in July 1969 the right-wing again left the party to form the United Socialist Party (renamed the Social Democratic Party in 1971). After losing the general election in July 1976, F. Demartino resigned as Secretary General, and his successor, B. Craxi, gained power and became Prime Minister in the general election in June 1983. Craxi held the position for 16 years, but resigned in February 1993 on suspicion of corruption. O. Del Turco was selected as his successor as Secretary General. In 1995, he joined the Olive Tree Federation, and has been part of the coalition government since 1996. Official newspaper: Avanti.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1892年に創立されたイタリアの社会主義政党。議会闘争で成果をあげていたが,1912年に分裂し,革命を主張するマキシマリスト (最大限綱領派) と改良派とに分裂した。第1次世界大戦後マキシマリストの指導者たちは共産主義革命を画策したが,党員大衆は総同盟に指導されていて改良主義的であった。そこで 21年にマキシマリストは脱党して,レーニン主義を奉じる共産党を結成した。また 22年に改良派も社会党を出て,統一社会党をつくった。残存した社会党は 26年に B.ムッソリーニによって解散を命じられたので,党員の多くは亡命して統一社会党に合流し,地下活動によって命脈を保った。 43年「プロレタリア統一社会党」の名で (のち,社会党と改称) 党は再建されたが,47年 G.サラガートの率いる社会民主主義派 (右派) が分裂して社会統一労働党 (1951年社会民主党と改称) を結成。 P.ネンニを指導者とする社会党はしばらく共産党と統一協定を結んだが,56年から右旋回を開始し,63年にはキリスト教民主党とともにモロ中道左派連立内閣をつくった。これに対しベンキエッティら党内左派は右旋回を不満として脱党,プロレタリア統一社会党を結成したが,右派主流派はさらに,66年社会民主党と 19年ぶりに合体,共産党と袂を分った。 68年5月の総選挙で敗北後,左右両派の対立が激化し,69年7月右派は再び脱党,統一社会党 (71年社会民主党と改称) を結成した。 76年7月の総選挙では敗れ,F.デマルチーノが書記長を辞任し,そのあとを継いだ B.クラクシ書記長は 83年6月の総選挙で勢力を伸ばし首相に就任した。クラクシは 16年間書記長の地位にあったが,93年2月汚職容疑で辞任。 O.デルトゥルコを後任の書記長に選出。 95年「オリーブの木連盟」に参加し,96年以降連立内閣の一翼をになっている。機関紙『前進』 Avanti。

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