Superintendent - Kanshi

Japanese: 監司 - かんし

In China, the general term for local officials in the prefectures and prefectures and the government offices that supervised various affairs. The term "kanshi" appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty in the late 2nd century, but it was not until the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316) that it became common to refer to the offices of the imperial censors and governors that performed impeachment and supervision. It was most widely used during the Song Dynasty from the 10th to 13th centuries. The Song established 15 to 23 districts as supervisory divisions above the prefectures and prefectures, and the chiefs of these districts were called "kanshi." Specifically, there were four divisions: the "Zhuanyunshi" (mainly in charge of personnel and finances), the "Tiantian Prisons" (police and judicial), the "Anfusi" (military affairs), and the "Tijou Changpingsi" (special finances), each of which was given the nickname "Caoshi," "Kenshi," "Shuishi," and "Cangsi."

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，府州県の地方官ならびに諸政を監察する官庁の総称。監司という用語は2世紀後半の後漢時代にあらわれるが，御史や刺史など弾劾，監察を行う官署の呼称として一般化するのは西晋(265‐316)以後である。それがもっとも広く使用されたのは10世紀から13世紀の宋代においてであった。宋は府州県の上に監督区分として15ないし23の路を設け，その長官を監司と呼んだ。具体的には，主として人事･財政を担当する転運司，警察･司法の提点刑獄，軍事関係の安撫司，特殊財務を取り扱う提挙常平司の四者があり，それぞれ，漕司，憲司，帥司，倉司の別名を持った。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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