Nakao Tozan

A Tozan-ryu shakuhachi master. First generation. His real name was Rinzo, and he was born in Hirakata, Osaka. His maternal grandfather was Terauchi Daikengyo, a master of jiuta (traditional Japanese folk songs) from Kyoto. He learned shakuhachi from his mother, Kondo Muneyoshi (1821-67), who was his grandfather's ensemble partner, and acquired ensemble techniques on his own. At the age of 19, he began training as a komuso (traditional Japanese monk), and after learning the classical honkyoku (main pieces) of the Myoan school, he began teaching shakuhachi in 1896 (Meiji 29). He established the foundation of the school by composing shakuhachi for gaikyoku (outer circle) (sankyoku ensemble) and publishing his own scores. He also succeeded in composing Western-style ensemble pieces and establishing a large organization with the head family at the top, and built a Tozan kingdom on a par with the Kinko school in one generation. The name Tozan was succeeded by his son, Kiichi (1944-74), as the second head of the school, but due to the early death of the second, the third was succeeded by the founder's second wife, Ren. The daughter of the second also took the name of the third, which caused an internal dispute and led to the division of the school. The fourth is succeeded by the founder's grandson.

[Tsukikawa Tsuneko]

"The Life of Tozan Nakao" by Yoshikazu Tanaka (1989, Ho-oh-do)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

都山流尺八家。初世。本名琳三、大阪府枚方(ひらかた)の出身。母方の祖父は、京都の地歌(じうた)の名手寺内大検校(けんぎょう)。祖父の合奏相手、近藤宗悦（1821―67）の尺八を母から学び、独学で合奏技術を身につけた。19歳で虚無僧(こむそう)修行に入り、明暗(みょうあん)の古典本曲(ほんきょく)などを学んだのち、1896年（明治29）に尺八指南を開始。外曲(がいきょく)（三曲合奏）尺八の作譜と独自の楽譜公刊により流の基礎を確立。さらに、洋楽的合奏曲の作曲や、宗家を頂点とした大組織の樹立に成功、琴古(きんこ)流と並ぶ都山王国を一代で築いた。都山の名は同流宗家名としてその実子、稀一(きいち)（1944―74）が2世を継ぎ、2世早世のため3世は初世の後妻レンが襲名した。2世の娘も3世を名のったことから内紛が起こり、分裂のきっかけとなった。4世は初世の孫が継いでいる。

［月溪恒子］

『田中義一著『中尾都山の生涯』（1989・ホーオー堂）』

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