Feces is the final product of the digestive process and is excreted from the anus. It contains indigestible parts of food, digestive juices, exfoliated epithelium of the digestive tract, intestinal bacteria, etc. The amount and frequency of stool varies depending on the type and amount of food and the state of digestion and absorption, but is generally about 100 to 200 grams per day, and once a day. In general, if you eat a lot of animal foods, the amount and frequency will be less than when you eat a lot of plant foods. The color is yellowish brown due to bile pigments, but if you eat a lot of meat, it will be black-brown, and if you have diarrhea, it will be yellow or yellow-green. The color also varies depending on the medication you have taken, with iron and bismuth preparations making it black, senna preparations making it yellow-red, and aluminum silicate preparations making it silver-gray. If there is a lot of bleeding in the upper digestive tract, the stool will be black and muddy like tar. Abnormalities in stool include watery diarrhea and constipation, which is less frequent or less frequent than healthy, causing discomfort. For Japanese people, the normal amount of fat in stool is 3 grams or less per day, but 5 grams or more is considered abnormal and is called steatorrhea. This is soft stool that floats on water and is one of the symptoms of malabsorption syndrome. The odor of stool is caused by indole, skatole, hydrogen sulfide, etc., and the more meat you eat, the more these substances are produced, making the odor stronger. Fecal examination is extremely useful in diagnosing digestive diseases, and in addition to examining the amount, frequency, color, shape, and odor, it also examines the components under a microscope, the presence of parasite eggs, and the presence of occult blood. [Noriaki Yanagishita] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
消化過程の最終産物で、肛門(こうもん)から排泄(はいせつ)される糞便(ふんべん)をいう。食物の不消化部分、消化液、消化管上皮の剥離(はくり)したもの、腸内細菌などを含む。大便の量および回数は食物の種類や分量、消化吸収状態によって異なるが、だいたい1日100~200グラムで、1日1回が普通である。一般に、動物性食品を多くとると植物性食品の多食時に比べて量・回数とも少なくなる。色は胆汁色素によって黄褐色を呈するが、肉食が多いと黒褐色となり、下痢便では黄色ないし黄緑色となる。また薬剤の服用によっても種々の色を呈し、鉄剤やビスマス剤では黒色、センナ剤では黄赤色、ケイ酸アルミ剤では銀灰色となる。上部消化管で多量の出血があると、タール状の黒色泥状便となる。 大便の異常としては水分の多い下痢便と、排便の回数が健康時に比べて少ない、あるいは量が少なくて不快感を伴う便秘がある。また、糞便中の脂肪量は日本人の場合、1日3グラム以下を正常とするが、5グラム以上になると異常とされ、脂肪便とよばれる。これは軟便で水に浮き、吸収不良症候群にみられる症状の一つである。なお、大便の臭気はインドール、スカトール、硫化水素などによるもので、肉食が多いとこれらの発生が増して臭気が強くなる。 糞便の検査は消化器疾患の診断上非常に有用で、量、回数、色、形状、臭気などのほか、顕微鏡による成分や寄生虫卵の検査、潜血反応などが調べられる。 [柳下徳雄] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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