…The terminal segment is a movable finger that interlocks with the blade-like fixed finger at the end of the next segment, and the inner edges of the fingers that face each other often have tooth-like projections. The first walking leg (cheliped) of crabs and crayfish and the second leg (pedipalp) of scorpions often form particularly powerful pincers. Different species form pincers with different appendages: the first leg (chelicera) and the second to fifth legs (walking legs) of horseshoe crabs, the first leg (chelicera) of spiders and scorpions, the second thoracic leg of tanaids, and the first to third walking legs of shrimps. … From "beard"...Originally, it referred to the long tufts of hair that grow on the face, cheeks, chin, and around the mouth of men (the kanji characters for 'beard', 'hige', and 'mustache', respectively), but by extension it is used to refer not only to similar tufts of hair in mammals and to the tentacles that grow on the upper lip, but also to similar hair-like projections, regardless of their function. For example, the fin spines in front of fish fins are called 'shiyokushu' (tactile barbels), the horny plates in the mouths of baleen whales are called 'baleen', the projections on the legs of chelicerates are called 'kiyakushu' (pedipalps), and in plants, the ends of vines are called 'tendrils' and the roots of monocotyledons are called 'hair roots'. In mammals, the vibrissae on the upper lip are commonly called whiskers. They are much thicker, longer, and harder than body hair, and their roots are loosely contained in hair sacs and surrounded by sensory nerve endings, so that when the tips of these hairs come into contact with an object, they can sense it very sensitively. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "legbeard" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…末端節は可動指となり,次節の末端部が伸長した刀状の不動指との間でかみ合うようになっているもので,両指の対面する内縁には歯状の突起を備えていることが多い。カニ類,ザリガニ類の第1歩脚(鉗脚(かんきやく)cheliped)やサソリ類の第2肢(脚鬚(きやくしゆ)pedipalp)は,とくに強大なはさみを形成することが多い。カブトガニ類では第1肢(鋏角(きようかく)chelicera)および第2~5肢(歩脚),クモ類,サソリ類でも第1肢(鋏角),タナイス類では第2胸肢,クルマエビ類では第1~3歩脚がはさみになるなど,種類により異なる付属肢ではさみが形成されている。… 【ひげ(髭∥鬚∥髯)】より…本来は,男子の顔面部,ほお,あご,および口の周りに生ずる,長く伸びる毛の房を指す(それぞれ漢字では髯,鬚,髭をあてる)が,転じて哺乳類の同様な毛の房,および上唇などに生える触毛をいうばかりでなく,これらに似た毛状の突起物をも,機能に関係なく,ひげということが多い。例えば,魚類のひれの前にある鰭刺(きし)を触鬚(しよくしゆ),ヒゲクジラ類の口内にある角質の板をくじらひげ,鋏角類の脚にある突起物を脚鬚(きやくしゆ)pedipalpというたぐいであり,植物でも,つるの先端を巻きひげ,単子葉類の根をひげ根という。哺乳類で俗にひげと呼ばれるのは,上唇に生える触毛vibrissaで,体毛よりもはるかに太く,長くかつ硬く,毛根が毛囊に緩く収まり,その部を感覚神経の終末が取り巻いているので,この毛の先端が物に触れると,敏感にそれを感知する。… ※「脚鬚」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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